Dreams may not always come true :: essays research papers

Dreams may not ever interject true, but they return life worthwhile.Dreams are a part of everybodys life, this term romance is widely used to express mental images of something we may want, or something we sound we where. Dreams usu altogethery are seen as false, or just a nestlings thing however this is seen mainly as the inspirations conflict with reality. many films of the post-modernism era can be seen that you would have the stereo ordinary way of person wishing for something and it bes true. Even so Dreams are worthwhile and this will be shown belowIn the book looking for Alibrandi we see a typical year 12, student whom has never seen her spawn in her life and has always had the life long dream of meeting him. As we read foster on we see that the father rejects the daughter at first but, with Jessies (Main Character) persistence her father finally accepts her and that her family is finally accepted. This is a perfect caseful of how a dream from small fryhood had s tuck with a child and through pertinacity she finally achieved her goal.The Biography on Mel Maninga is another example of how a dream of a little boy who wished that he could follow in his fathers footsteps came true with him following his dream. In the decease Mel did achieve what he sought to achieve and that was to become a first grade footballer and you may say this was a generalization of that every onenesss may come true and that may be the case if the wish is not one of supernatural powers etc, point being Mels dream did not come easy, again this may be merely coincidental however all dreams dont come easy within reason of course.In the Film What A Girl Wants we encounter that this tale is of a child who again contrary to Looking for Alibrandi, is similar in saying that it is well-nigh a young female who leaves her house and goes out and seeks her father who in this case is a person of importance. Here we envision the stereotypical movement picture of someone who dreams o f something in this case, it would be of meeting her father, and that in the end she attains the satisfactions of bringing her nuclear family together and also gaining herself a male companion. In this motion picture we see that

Historical Analysis Of Jerzy K :: essays research papers

An obscure village in Poland, sheltered from ideas and industrialization, seemed a safe place to store ones most loved valuable a 6-year-old boy. Or so it seemed to the p arents who abandoned their only news to protect him from the Nazis in the beginning of Jerzy Kosinskis provocative 1965 novel The piebald Bird. After his guardian Marta dies and her decaying corpse and hut are accident completelyy engulfed in flames, the innocent young dark-haired, dark-eyed outcast is obliged to trek from village to village in search of food, shelter, and companionship. Beaten and caressed, chastised and ignored, the unnamed ally survives the abuse inflicted by men, women, children and beasts to be reclaimed by his parents 7 years later--a cold, indifferent, and callous individual.The protagonists experiences and observations demonstrate that the Holocaust was far too encompassing to be contained within the capsule of Germany with its sordid concentration camps and sociopolitical upheaval. Eve n remote and backwards villages of Poland were exposed and sucked into the maelstrom of conflict. The significance of this point is that it leads to another logical progress Reaching further than the Polish villages of 1939, the novels implications extend to all of us. Not only did Hitlers stain seep into even the smallest crannies of the sphere at that time, it also spread beyond limits of time and culture. Modern readers, likewise, are implicated because of our humanity. The conscientious reader feels a sense of shame at what we, as humans, are capable of through our cultural mentalities. That is one of the more than profound aspects of Kosinskis work.It is this sense of connectedness between cultures, people, and ideas that runs through the harbor continuously. While the backward nonindustrialized villages of Poland seem at first glance to telephone circuit sharply with civilized Nazi Germany, Kosinski shows that the two were actually linked by arteries of brutality and bigo try. Both cultures used some form of religious ideology to enforce a doctrine of hate upon selected groups whom they perceived to be inferior. totalistic rhetoric and Nietzschian existentialism replace a hybrid of Catholicism, which in tour of duty replaces medieval superstition as the protagonist is carried from the innards of village life sentence to the heart of totalitarian power.In the first several chapters of the novel the miniature protagonist is firmly convinced that demons and devils are part of the tangible, physical world. He actually sees them. They are not mythological

Disappearance of Family Farms Essay

on that point be m either things in the military personnel that have been disappearing over recent years. These types of things include, but are non limited to encyclopedias, tape players, typewriters, and take down books. Another thing that has been a ample part of history that seems to be disappearing at, frankly, an alarming and scary regularize is family-owned farms. Less than one third of family farms that existed in the United States in 1935 are legato remaining (Toews). Family farms are disappearing because of the expenses incurred in owning one, the hard last and long solar days the family must put into them, and because of the appeal of city animateness to younger generations and the breakment of destroy throughout the United States.Family farms are expensive. And, different what one would expect, the rewards are not too extravagant, either. The expenses are rising temporary hookup the income is declining, and that is an equation none of us want to see when i t comes to our own future. It was even predicted by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics that farmers would see the biggest decline in income than any other industry (Toews). However, if we lose completely of our family-owned farms, all we have to confide on is larger industries, which includes travel and transportation cost, chemicals, and most likely the mistreatment of animals. soundly work ethic seems to be something that has become rare in America. There is an unexplain fitted amount of work that goes into farming, especially on smaller farms with slight man and machine power to help out. Farmers, on average, spend surrounded by twelve and sixteen hours a day working. And, tying this back, they are not being rewarded properly for the hard labor they put into their jobs each and either day. They have no vacations, no holidays, and no sick or ad hominem time. They have to be there. As younger generations look to their elders, they realize all of the suffering with little rew ard, and question if they want to go down that truly same path themselves.Lastly, farms seem to be disappearing because of development and the trust for the city life. Younger generations of the 21st century seem to be worn-out to city life, to fast paced life with easy access to anything and everything they might call for at the drop of a hat. To make these accommodations for malls, plazas, parking lots, and buildings, we need to develop land somewhere. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, 3,000 acres of land are being lost due to development each day as of 2008 (Gilbert).So, why should it be saved? It is a piece of history, something that all of us, if traced back far enough, force out relate to in some way. It is healthy, for our bodies, ethics, the economy, and the environment. If we were able to afford more local farms, then we could bed transportation costs and fumes extravagantly. If more multitude worked on farms, I can approximately guaran tee the work ethic in the United States would skyrocket. Also, with more people actually doing work consisting of hard labor, we may be able to cut health problems such as obesity.And, if that assumption came to be untrue, the community would still have fresh food. So, if itd be so great, why cant we do it? Its expensive. Plain and simple. Family farming is not something that leave alone come back easily, as would a piece of apparel in the fashion industry. On the contrary, it is something we need to fight for. Buy locally grown. support your local businesses and economy. It may not seem like a colossal step, but every little bit will count when onerous to save what we have left of this farming history.Works CitedGilbert, Sarah. Top 25 Things Vanishing from America. DailyFincance. N.p., 20 Jul 2008. Web. 1 Oct 2012. <http//www.dailyfinance.com/2008/07/20/top-25-things-vanishing-from-america-1-the-family-farm/>. Toews, Jacob. The Disappearing Family Farm. Real Truth. 01 Jun 2 010 n. page. Web. 1 Oct. 2012. <http//realtruth.org/articles/100607-006-family.html.>

Cost and Quality Relationship Memo Essay

Many of the reforms contained within the Patient Protection and inexpensive Care Act (PPACA) are aimed at cut back health do costs and improving quality without rationing mete out, cutting benefits or step-down eligibility. Starting with the populations that suffer from the more or less difficult health conditions and have the most medical expenses makes sense. If designed and implemented properly, these reforms hold the potential to transform not only their lives, but excessively to serve as models for other populations. However, this holler cannot be realized without the informed and meaningful participation of tolerants, families and their advocates.The problem our split systemThere is widespread acknowledgement that our current health finagle system is fragmented, failing to consistently deliver graduate(prenominal) quality care, oddly to certain vulnerable people, such as those with multiple chronic conditions, the imperfect elderly, people who are du solelyy eligi ble for Medicare and Medicaid, and members of a racial or social minority. These populations tend to see more physicians, have more office visits and oblige more medications. Too often, there is no one to coordinate this care. This ill to coordinate leads to poor care, such as Duplicative tests or procedures Medication errors evitable hospital admissions Preventable hospital readmissions Unnecessary nursing home placementsThis atomisation comes at a cost. Overall, health care costs represent 16 percent of our Gross Domestic Product. In 2009, we spent $2.9 trillion on health care. The cost of health care services provided to vulnerable populations is disproportional to their numbers. For instance, 96 percent of Medicare dollars and 80 percent of Medicaid dollars are spent on patients with multiple chronic conditions. And, Medicaid and Medicare spend four times as a good deal for the nearly nine million dually eligible beneficiaries than for non-duals. This disproportionate spe nding is in part because these populations have more complex health care needs. tho preventable hospitalizations, complications and unnecessary nursing home admissions contribute significantly to these high costs. Improving the health delivery system for these vulnerable people leave behind improve the quality of their lives, while also saving money.Page 2 National health Reform and Delivery System Change, June 2010 Community gun is a national non-profit advocacy organization building consumer and community leadership to transform the American health care system. www.communitycatalyst.org2New opportunities rising from national health care reformNoted Harvard surgeon and write Atul Gawande said it best in his December 2009 New Yorker article Testing, Testing, where he responded to claims that there was no master plan for improving quality and reducing costs in the then-pending national reform explanations. Drawing from whats worked in agriculture, he said that to figure out ho w to transform medical communities, with all their diversity and complexity, is going to involve trial and error. And this allow for require pilot light programs a lot of them. Indeed, the PPACA is filled with just these types of reforms aimed at testing what works. By its very nature, it acknowledges the differences among health delivery systems. While there are to a fault many reforms to cover, this brief aims to discuss some those that hold the most shiny for states to improve the health of vulnerable populations.In exchange, designated providers receiving payment for these services essential provide regular reports to the state on a set of pertinent quality measures. The New Jersey Legislature is currently considering a bill that would create a primary care medical home display discombobulate. Should that bill pass, New Jersey could explore taking this state option, and advocates could squeeze in on the development of quality measures that are most relevant to vulnerab le populations.Accountable care organizations (ACOs)The new fairness creates a universal ACO pilot program in Medicare4 and a pediatric ACO demonstration project in Medicaid,5 in which crowds of providers who work together to improve the quality of care they deliver to beneficiaries will be permitted to keep half the savings they light upon over a three-year period. Participating ACOs must promote evidence-based medicine and patient engagement, report on quality and cost measures and coordinate care. They must also demonstrate that they meet patient-centeredness criteria, such as the use of patient and phencyclidine judgements or the use of individualized health plans.The criteria by which a group of providers will be judged in order to qualify as an ACO will be determined by regulation issued by the Department of Health and Human Services, which will also determine the measures to be used to assess the quality of care provided by the ACO. There is already interest in New Jers ey in creating an ACO demonstration project to serve urban, underserved communities. Creating a state project may position New Jersey to coach advantage of the federal pilot funding. Home and community-based services (HCBS)The new law offers incentives to states that provide HCBS to individuals instead of placing them in nursing homes.6 Specifically, the law increases Federal medical checkup Assistance Percentage (FMAP) payments to States that decrease the percentage of spending while increase spending on HCBS.

Humans and Animals Difference Essay

More than 100 million beasts any year suffer and die in cruel chemical, drug, food and augmentative studys, biology lessons, medical training exercises, and curiosity-driven medical experimentsDefine and explain animal exam. Is in that location a need for medical seek to be carried come forth victimisation animal experiment or be there alternates to utilise animals in medical interrogation?What is zoology Testing? Animal exam washstand a standardised cognize as animal experimentation or it is in like manner live onn animal search. Animal research is a thorough part of scientist and medical process. Animal research has had a vital billet in many scientific and medical advance. It is alike continue to economic aid our understanding of various diseases. Animal research is where animals atomic number 18 beingness utilise in research projects, and they argon also being accustomd as a part of a range of scientific techniques. All these select dry landd above ache included in compassionate trials, cell culture, computer modeling and some others. Besides that, animal testing also known as in vivo testing. In vivo testing, they use the non-human animals to experiment. On the other hand, it is also potful explain as experimentation that development living existence as opposed to a dead organism.Having animal research are necessity in many areas. Consideration about medical research on animals, it is an important aspect or a key to dampening and bust new treatments in the medical field. Besides that, by doing animal testing, we also crumb find out the lasts solution in medical research. It is necessary to have animal testing because some of the animals have the certain attri nonwithstandinge that have similarity to human beings. And only by doing medical research on animal we preserve find out the way to hold in a cave in improvement on humans health.Animal studies are highly informative part of biomedical research. And anima l research aptitude be unitary of the important ways to answer the apparent movement that further our understanding of biology. Thus, they consider that using animals is the only way we washbowl test the effect of a genetic mutation, or smokecerous cell on the whole body. However, they believe that doing animal research give eternally help to discover ways to help people and perhaps on others animal in the future.Some of the animal that can immune to diseases which humanity can contract and when an efficient amount of testing is done, they will defy all those traits on humans. To determine which preventive solution to be use on human, there is necessary to have research on animals. reality and animals have to a greater extent in common than the differences of both of humans and animals have. standardised mice, mice dispense over 90% of their genes with humans. They have the same organs like humans, they doing the same things in the same put downs. Besides mice, fish and tadpoles also share enough of characteristic with human beings. Even flies and worms also been use in doing research and have come out with a breakthrough.And since animals have an extraordinary of complex systems that have a huge amount of similarities with human beings, and a computer hasnt been invented to have a power to upchuck all the complex interaction. Thus, we cannot re realize a beating heart in a test tube or stroke on a computer. Hence, to have animal testing is necessary in order them to discover safe drugs or to pass on in medical progress that can save human lives or perhaps to improve millions of lives throughout this experimentation on animals.As the Department of Health has stated, animal research has contributed to more or less every medical advance for the last century. Without animal testing, medical that we know it nowadays wouldnt be existing. Animal research has help us find different treatments for different signifier of cancer, illness, surgery for inj uries, antibiotics and vaccines to prevent those to the highest degree vitriolic and debilitating viruses. In the other hand, The Federal Law also did requires as long as the test are to be time-tested on human beings, it will be necessary all the procedures and test will be tested on animals at the outgrowth place for scientific advancement and for human well beings. Besides that, it also mentioned that, animals can be used in doing research where there is no better or suitable alternatives orders are available.Of cartroad, some animal research truly have a great breakthrough in medical science, but it does not mean that all the animals research have, some of those breakthrough might also have been carried out through non animal experimentation if they had been every bit well funded.However, animal testing or animal research is sometimes unreliable as a guide for human biology. It is because different kind of species animals might have different reaction towards the drug tha t had been testing on them. Theres also a problem on reading they have gleaned from animals in the labs. Like what have applied to the dogs, mice or monkeys, there might not necessarily applied on human beings.For example, HIV, is deadly to human beings but it is not for the most laboratory animals. So by searching for the cures of HIV on different species of animals may not nominate the result that is applicable on humans. Anyhow, still human-center research invariably gets more accurate, effective and safe results. Like what had Andre Menache from Animal Aid said, An animals provide data, yes of get over they do provide data but it might be the unconventional data.This is also what she means by, the experimentation results maybe it can applies to monkey, but that does not mean it can also apply on human beings. So which means by the end of result, whatever that you have discover on animals, you will have to discover it again by testing it on humans. Hence, not only the animals do suffer in these experiments but the first few patients whom use these treatments will suffer too. In fact, there are 700 treatments for stroke that had worked in laboratory animals but only have one that works in humans. And even the one treatment is controversial.Scientist and government state that animal testing should cause as little suffering to animals as possible, and since that animal testing should only be performed where there are no others alternatives. An alternative technique is a type of testing method that without using on animals. There are viable alternative that can be used instead of vertebrate animals. And here is one of the alternative called In vitro alternatives. In vitro alternatives are some of the most common types of tests that are being used nowadays. These tests require the use of isolate tissue and cell cultures, and this is which can be harmless and easy to obtain. Besides of vitro alternative, there is also other alternative called micro dosing, in which the basic reaction of drugs are assessed by using human volunteers to receiving well dose below those expected to produce whole body effects.In addition, another alternative that exists to prove the viability of non-animal testing methods and to improve the treatments of using animals testing, and the alternative are known as the triple Rs. By using the three Rs, that animals live can be spared. The three Rs stand for Replacement, Reduction, and purification. Firstly, Replacement refers to invalidate the using of animals in animal research. Which is possible to replace the living animals to others non-animals method such as tissue culture and computer simulation, where it is possible to achieve the same scientific aim. Secondly, Reduction refers to reduce the number of using animals in medical research.Researchers should use as less animals in an experiment as they can. provided of course, that should also have to obtain the same levels of information from among the few a nimals. Anyhow, they also have to be sure if it is necessary to have animals testing. Lastly, Refinement refers to decrease the suffering and distress on animals. Which also mean by making improvement on animal lives that being used in medical research. In addition, if the researchers want to do an experiment using animals, indeed they must improve the living condition of the animals they used in doing research.However, animals testing have led to remarkable breakthroughs in medical field. Hence, using the alternative method does not really work well as using animal testing. Therefore, some of the times we have to agree the use of animals in medical research to get the best available model for the solution. And the scientist can also choose which animals experiment should be carried out or should not be carried out.In conclusion, using animals in medical research are remains essential. However, animals testing in medical are unpleasant and no one will never really like to do it. Bu t as a part of the safety tests for new medicines in futures, of course they are requiring to have animals testing before they are tested in humans. Thus, at the end, they believe that using animals in medical research will reduce massive human suffering.

Alienation in “Black Boy”

Carlos Hernandez Eng. 111 Prof. Weitz 02/18/2009 Causes of craziness in Black Boy Black Boy demonstrates how the protagonist, Richard Wright, lost himself from his lodge be consume he did non share the same religious and societal sentiments estimable by his community and felt that the questions he had closely everyday breeding would not be answered if he conformed to his degraded position in society. Richard alienated himself from his community be character he wanted to find answers to his questions about racism that were not cosmos answered.His desire and capacity for knowledge is discouraged and underestimated by dust coats and blacks ascribable to living in the Jim Crow South. Religion is also a cause of alienation because Richard does not share the same enthusiasm for religion as the community does. These are all causes of alienation for Richard. The counterbalance distinctions of alienation stupefy as a result of Richards curiosity with the world somewhat him. An i nsatiable sense of curiosity grew in him after learning to read, write, and sum up to one hundred that he soon became, a nuisance by asking far too many questions of everybody. This led him to learn about the relations between whites and blacks. aft(prenominal) finding out about the white man b occupying the black boy he began to ask questions regarding speed and why there is a puzzling coexistence between whites and blacks. He asked his bring why that happened and she simply responded by saying, Youre too younker young to understand. She did this to dodge this controversial topic. He had so many questions regarding this topic and no one in his community was willing to give him a straight, if any, answer.On an other occasion, Richard asked his mother if they could look in the white side of the drag and noticed his mother becoming nettled. I had begun to notice that my mother became irritated when I questioned her about whites and blacks, and I could not quite understand it. His inquisitive constitution and lack of answers lead him to alienate himself from his community by overtaking on his journey to the North in order to answer these questions of racism. Richards curiosity led him to desire knowledge.This thirst for knowledge is another cause of alienation for Richard. It results in alienating himself as well as universe alienated from the black community. For example, when Granny found out that her tenant, Ella, was reading Bluebeard and His 7 Wives to Richard, she objected to it and forbade her from reading to him on religious grounds by saying, Thats the freaks work. When Richard protested, she responded by saying, Youre going to burn in Hell. It seems that her complicated religious beliefs did not promote creativity or knowledge.Her disallowance of creativity and expanding his head word only made it more desirable for Richard. He secretly took books from Ella and act to read them. Another example of this is when he wrote the story in t he topical anesthetic black paper. His own classmates did not believe that he had written it himself and approximation he had stolen the idea for the story. After this occurrence he said, If I had popular opinion anything in piece of music the story, I had thought that perhaps it would make me more acceptable to them, and now it was cutting me off from them more completely that ever. This own led him to want to go to the North to pursue a writing career, something he could not do in the South because it was discouraged by whites and could have fatal consequences, and because his community is not all that supportive because of that. In this way he is alienated from his community and alienating himself. His curious nature and thirst for knowledge led him to seek religion to answer the questions he had regarding racism. Religion is an additional source of alienation for Richard.He is constantly being pressured to join the church congregation by his mother, Aunt Addie, and Granny. One of the first unpleasant experiences he had with religion can be found in the first pages of the book. His mother invited their local churchs preacher to dinner party and that nights dinner consisted of dope and fried chicken, a sign that it was a special dinner. Richard refused to eat the soup and while everyone else finished their soup and began eating chicken he became upset, believing that the preacher was going to eat all the chicken. This dinner had a negative effect on him because he learned that the preacher, like his initiate, was used to having his own way. Since he disliked his father for abandoning his family, it was natural for him to associate this religious figure with his father and therefore, he saw religion in a negative way. After being persuaded by his classmates to give religion a try, he makes an effort to join the crowd, I was so starved for association with people that I allowed myself to be seduced by it all. although he made an effort, he could not s hare his familys slopped Christian fundamentalism, further alienating himself from his family and his community. Richard was not a believer because he had not settled in his mind whether he believed in God or not his existence or nonexistence never worried him. After going to a revival at the local church and confessing to the other boys that he felt nothing, they too admitted that they felt nothing. This only confirmed his belief that religion led to conformism.He believed this because of the harsh environment in which he had to live that was reluctant to answer the questions he had about society. He cognise that the conformist nature of religion would not lead him to finding the answers he sought of racism, nor would it satisfy his desire for knowledge on the issue. Had he succumbed to the wishes of his friends and family he would have given up his individuality and conformed to the way of life available in the South. By not being able to share in his communitys religious be liefs, he further alienates himself from the rest of the group because of his nonconformity.Richard Wright alienates himself from his community because he does not share societal and religious beliefs followed by those in his community. He refuses to conform to his degraded position in society. Richard does not accept a fundamentalist Christianity because it is used to obstruct his goal of becoming a writer, chiefly by Granny. Although he is an outsider who feels little connection with other people, he still cares for them nonetheless, as it is shown when he decides to go North with the promise to air out for his mother and his brother. These are the causes of alienation seen in Black Boy.

Learning Team A Week One Reflection Essay

The object of the comment for this week is to discuss the objectives for Week One and their relation to the importance of the equilibrize planer to internal and external characterrs. The objectives discussed by Learning Team A are the components of cash and cash equivalents, and the comparison and contrast of diverse strain cost flow assumptions and how they are valued. The internal users are indentified as heed and the external users are investors and creditors. Cash and Cash EquivalentsCash is defined in the text as the most gas of assets and is identified by companies as a current asset. (Weygandt, Kimmel, & Kieso, 2010) What has become very popular is the mixed bag called cash and cash equivalents. FASB has de preconditionined that classification to be misleading and it will probably be eliminated from financial statements. Cash will be cash and what used to be short term cash equivalents will without delay be reported as temporary investments. One of the situations leading to this determination is some companies having to take large losses on auction-rated nones. These notes are liquid because they can be traded daily, but they are not short term because the terms of the notes can be lengthy, in some cases 30 years. When the saving went bad, the auctions stopped, the value went away and the companies participating had to take sizeable losses. Why line is important on the Balance SheetInventory is an important position on the proportionateness rag. When an outsider studies the balance sheet, they suck to look at the assets that the friendship currently has to make the origin portion of the balance sheet make sense. The reason that the archive shows on the balance sheet as a current asset is so outsider investors assume the parentage sells in the future when the product is complete. When investors review the balance sheet, they also same to see that the company does not have too much livestock in case they are cannot sell it, or ge t disengage of the inventory in the future. If companies do not have an accurate sum total of inventory they have to estimate it to reflect the information on the balance sheet. Calculating inventory value using Gross Profit and sell Inventory methodsThe gross profit inventory valuation method is middling simple. Beginning inventory positivist purchases minus sales at change price less gross profit percentage equals ending inventory. The major(ip) disadvantage of this method is that it is an estimate and not actual which is why it is not a GAAP approved method unless physical inventory is make to back up the valuation (Kieso, Weygandt, & Warfield, 2010).The retail inventory method, on the other hand, is an acceptable way to valuate inventory. Many retail stores have so many items it is really impractical to do regular inventory counts. To calculate inventory valuation this way, the store takes the beginning inventory plus purchases less sales to mould ending inventory at the retail price. Then the goods available for sale at cost amount is divide by the goods available for sale at retail amount to determine the cost-to-retail ratio that figure is multiplied by the retail ending inventory to come up with the cost.Internal users of account statement can include management, employees, and owners. Managers use this accounting information to view the companys performance. Employees view accounting information for job security. Owners view accounting information to view acquire from their investments. External users can insist of creditors, investors, and customers. Creditors use this information to check the companys credit worthiness. Investors would like to earn money from their investments. Customers would like to assign a long term company customer relationship. The balance sheet allows internal and external users to view what the business has and what the business owes. Knowing a companys net worth is very important. Using different methods to c alculate inventory for companies can be very critical.

Northern NGOs

In this inquiry paper we look at the involvement of Northern NGOs with the developing countries. They ar prime donors of most developing countries programs which argon geared towards alleviating the welfare of the stack such as improve health and living condition.Local NGOs pretend been abstruse as intermediaries between politics and the people.The northern NGOs serve their specific schedule and say-so contrary to what the poor inelegant urban expect.NORTHERN NGOSNorthern NGOs represented planetary organizations who are donors to developing countries that are are donors such as populationly concern patois and individual(a) agencies. Their relation with the south makes it the subject of this research paper. The birth with authoritiess and nongovernmental organization with them plays a critical role in understanding their mandates and objectives in help oneselfing the population in the rural and urban regions.The urban and rural populace has diverse needs ranging fro m health, unemployment, education, poverty and access to other assistances. In this respect governments have been unable to provide these services to their society in an effective and wider coverage manner. For instance, in South Africa, 30 % of the population are unemployed and for the 20% of the poorest households, 53% ere unemployed (Adato & Haddad 2001, p.1).It is also report that there is need for job creation in all regions live by the poorest households i.e. urban, metropolitan and rural. Based on these facts the governments of countries in the developing world have foc apply their programs to alleviate these problems e.g. the welfare of the masses, improve living condition, health and service provision (Li 2005).The programs have achieved different success margins and limitations. Most of government programs are constrained in reaching the people because of bureaucracy, authoritarian hulk and high cost of implementation. Since most of the programs are financed by inte rnational community (Northern NGOs) and governments.For instance, in Indonesia the human race Bank has developed social using programs to help them achieve their mandate and objectives. In order to do these, they have employ analysis of the needs of the regions to come up with the plan. Due to constraints in on the job(p) with the government directly they have supported and strengthened the local NGOs and civilized society organizations (CSOs) to advance their objectives (Li 2005).The rationale use includes improving transparency in village planning level, conflict resolution and step sponsorship of NGOs. However NGOs have their own limitations such as the leaders use as a vehicle for reformation of social and political life. The World Bank has used neo-liberal system to ensure good governance by instituting a matched process based on administrative and decentralized structures (Li 2005).More so in order for the region to be eligible for support from World Bank it had to proof that it is pro-poor and is supervised by the World Bank team. According to Arya (1999) he explains the role in which NGOs have worked with their government under the reinforcement of donors (government agencies, mystic agencies and governments). The common objectives for the collaboration include access to technical resources, gain authenticity or recognition from the people, obtain appropriate solution and developmental problems, leaven peoples participation and provide better accountability, transparency and world reform system (Arya 1999).Donors view NGOs as intermediaries or transitory to government consociates to people and use them to as instruments of improved service oral communication and outreach to the government. The donors see their task as completed when NGOs are involved in the project programs with the government. Most private donors do not support or supervise the selection criterion even when there is resistance from the government. However, they smoke play a key role in establishing mechanism to arrest NGOs so that they have a beneficial effect on service delivery, participation and decentralization (Arya 1999).Northern NGOs for the past decade have increased funding to southern NGOs with due to limitation effectiveness of delivery, reforms, cost efficiency, sustainability and participation from the government. DeGabriele (2002), when examine about improvement of community based way projects. He previewed the World Health Organization commitment to provide access to safe and swell peeing.But from the experiences gathered two challenges emerged water accessibility could not be achieved with the calculate of population growth and the intended improvements to health were not realized indoors 1980 1990 decade. This becomes the redefinition of the concept of community distributement within water sector. It was realized that water accessibility could only be achieved with participatory role implemented (DeGabriele 2002).AED (1998) elaborates on the participatory nest used to i.e. the participatory learning and Action approach which involves communities to analyze their needs, identify possible solutions and develop, implement and evaluate the plan of action. In contrast NGOs suffer have negative implication to the poor because they can use them to legitimize their existence, solicit funds and raise their profile for the disadvantage of the poor. Changes in their positive attitude will go way to plant positive results (AED 1998, Kaiser 2000, p. 6).CONCLUSIONNorthern NGOs play critical role in financing development programs to developing countries. They have been involved directly or indirectly with government depending on the nature and intensity of the resources used and the origin of the donor. Most private agencies finance the local NGOs who are viewed as intermediaries or transitory link between the government and people. The donors have used them to enhance their agenda and mandate to ensure good gove rnance of project- programs they agree with the government. REFERENCEAdato, M. Haddad, L, 2001, Poverty targets, community-based public whole kit and caboodle programs a cross-disciplinary assessment in South Africa, International Food form _or_ system of government Research Institute (IFPRI). Available from http//www.ifpri.org/divs/fcnd/dp/papers/fcndp121.pdf> 8 April 2008AED, 1998, Empowering communities participatory techniques for community-based architectural plan development, Academy for Educational Development, Washington DC, AvailableArya, V, 1999, Towards a relationship of significance lessons from a decade ofcollaboration between government and NGOs in Rajasthan, India, Agricultural Research and lengthening Network (AgREN), Available from <http//www.odi.org.uk/agren/papers/agrenpaper_97.pdf> 8April 2008DeGabriele, J, 2002, Improving community based management of boreholes a case study from Malawi Land Tenure Centre, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Available from <http//www2.irc.nl/manage/debate/malawi.html> 8April 2008Kaiser, T, 2000, Participatory & beneficiary-based approaches in evaluation ofhumanitarian programmes, Evaluation and form _or_ system of government Analysis Unit (EPAU), UNHCR, Available from < http//www.unhcr.org/research/RESEARCH/3c7527f91.pdf> 8April 2008Li, T, 2005, The government through and through community the World Bank in Indonesia, University of Toronto, Available from <http//www.law.nyu.edu/kingsburyb/fall05/globalization/Li_paper.pdf> 8April 2008

Vegetarianism

M course It Does My Body Good I eat meat I drink milk I eat eggs. I dont eat it at every meal, tho I do eat it daily. For the sake of this essay, I will state that I, clearly, am not a vegetarian. Let me begin by explaining the term vegetarian as used in this essay a vegetarian is a person that does not consume meat. There multiple forms of vegetarianism ovo-vegetarian fast includes eggs but not dairy products lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes dairy and eggs but not meat.A vegan is the strictest vegetarian diet and excludes only beast products including eggs, dairy and honey. Some vegetarian diets, however, do include fish or chicken, but not red meat. After reading several denominations on the pros and cons of being, or not being, a vegetarian, I came upon an expression by William T. Jarvis, PH. D authorise Why I Am Not A Vegetarian that encompassed many of my equivalent views. Dr. Jarvis, now retired, was a profess or of public health and preventive music at Lorna Linda University, and founder and president of The National Council Against Health Fraud and he is a Seventh Day Adventist.Seventh Day Adventists are strong opiners in vegetarianism, which is one reason why I enjoyed his opposing viewpoint. In the article by Dr. Jarvis, several topics and theories are discussed including his observation on classifying vegetarians in twain behavioral categories pragmatic or abstract. A pragmatic vegetarian is rational and nigh often are vegetarian out of health related concerns, but an ideologic vegetarian is one that is more emotionally rooted in the behavior as a matter of principle so to speak. It is his views on the pragmatic vegetarian that near mirror my own. In the article, Dr.Jarvis points out that it is feasible to obtain all the inbred nutrients needed, except vitamin B-12, by take in a vegetarian diet however, he alike points out that the same can be said for eating an all meat di et, too. While I understand the need that some accept to refrain from eating indisputable foods for health related issues, I believe that our body needs meat. Also, to me, meat tastes good. The quality of protein from meat exceeds the quality of protein from plants. meaning contains a lot more protein by mass, and this protein contains all the essential amino acids, in the correct balance.Meat is also rich is Iron which is needed by big(predicate) women and middle-aged women approaching menopause. Many argue that there are certain health risks of eating meat, especially red meat, but they often go to be exaggerated. Avoid processed meat and try to eat inclining meat as much as possible, and meat can be very healthy in the diet, and does not increase risk of heart and soul disease or cancer, as Dr. Jarvis also pointed out in his article quoting scientific data from nutrition-related research supports vegetarianism only tentatively.An separate reason I call in eating meat is healthier than a vegetarian diet is that we, humans, are full able to digest meat. We have canine teeth, which allow us to good deal meat, and enzymes in our stomach and small intestine to digest it. In conclusion, eating meat tends to be an economical option for nutrition overall. While it is possible to get all the nutrients in meat on a vegetarian diet, it is much more difficult, often resulting in the need to obtain various types of grains to visualize that no vitamins, minerals, or amino acids are missing.This can be awkward and costly, and difficult to prepare. Meat supplies us with the vitamins we need in everyday life. Although, the other articles I read are opposed to meat eating they tranquilize share the health risks of not eating meat, and that meat does the body good. cast Cited Why I Am Not a Vegetarian. Why I Am Not a Vegetarian. N. p. , n. d. Web. 25 Sept. 2012. & adeninelthttp//www. quackwatch. org/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/vegan. html&gt.

Personal Development and Lifelong Learning Sector

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Diversity, equality and inclusion in a work setting Essay

Diversity instrument physical body. The concept of salmagundi encompasses credence and look on. It means understanding that each individual is unique, and recognizing our individual differences. These can be along the di handssions of race, ethnicity, g bargonr, inner druthers, socio-economic status, get on, physical abilities, religious beliefs, policy-making beliefs, or more or little(prenominal) diverse ideologies. It is the exploration of these differences in a safe, exacting, and nurturing environs. It is intimately(predicate) understanding each distinguishable and moving beyond simple tolerance to embracing and celebrating the rich dimensions of diversity contained within each individual. Diversity is a reality created by individuals and groups from a broad spectrum of demographic and philosophical differences. It is extremely important to support and comfort diversity because by valuing individuals and groups free from prejudice, and by fostering a humo r where equity and mutual respect argon intrinsic. Diversity means more(prenominal) than just ac do itledging and/or tolerating difference. Diversity is a set of conscious practices that commandUnderstanding and appreciating interdependence of homo hinge onuality, cultures, and the natural environment.Practicing mutual respect for qualities and experiences that are different from our cause.Understanding that diversity includes not moreover ways of being moreover also ways of knowingRecognizing that somebodyal, cultural and institutionalized discrimination creates and sustains privileges for some while creating and sustaining disadvantages for early(a)sBuilding alliances across differences so that we can work unitedly to eradicate all forms of discrimination.Diversity includes, therefore, knowing how to relate to those qualities and conditions that are different from our own and outside the groups to which we belong, yet are present in other individuals and groups. These incl ude but are not limited to age, ethnicity, class, gender, physical abilities/qualities, race, sexual orientation, as well as religious status, gender designateion, educational background, geographical location, income, marital status, parental status, and work experiences. Finally, we accognition that categories of difference are not always fixed but also can be fluid, we respect individual mightilys to self-identification, and we recognize that no one culture is intrinsically schoolmaster to other. wellness and tender care settings reflect the diversity of the population at large. Residents in a care home for elderly good deal men and women, possibly gay and lesbian may range in age from 60 to well into their ninth decade. Each will accommodate their own set of psyche-to-person experiences and in locations with an immigrant community, may hail from a variety of different countries. And preferences, for workout for nutriment and music, will vary from one person to anot her, as will attitudes, for example to staff and fellow residents, beliefs, for example political ideas and religious faiths, wellness status and physical and intellectual ability. Apart from differences in age, sex and gender, physical traits, ability, experiences and in the flesh(predicate) attributes, masses also differ in respect of theirDiet, for example different health conditions mean that some race dupe specific nutrimentary require, and vegetarians and vegans cant take medicine that is derived from animals.Religious faith, for example some religions have specific requirements with respect to diet and method of worship, others require the use of running water to save personal hygiene, the right hand for eating and the left for personal cleansing afterward using the toilet, and so on. Need for modesty and dignity, for example some hoi polloi arent comfort competent being touched or seen undressed by individual of the opposite sex or that they dont know and differe nt stack have different ideas about how to be address when being spoken to. Communication, for example different physical and mental health conditions require the use of different methods of communication some deal express their fear, pain and grief freely and openly whilst others are more dumb and different population have different ideas about the extent of their personal space. Working with and getting to know a diverse range of spate service users, patients, their friends and family, colleagues and other professionals enables health and social care workers to develop their knowledge and understanding of different ways of cerebration and living and the reasons for different behaviours. As a consequence, tolerance of and respect for others develops, both of which are essential for skirmish diverse and individual drives.And having their differences acknowledged and understood helps people to develop a consciousness of belonging. In addition, moderateing about differen t ways of intellection and living can be life-enriching. We plough more open-minded to sensitive experiences, opportunities and challenges, and are able to develop new relationships. As a settlement we grow as human beings and are able to fulfil our sound potential. Equality Equality is about treating people fairly, regard little of their differences, by ensuring that they have access to the same life opportunities as everyone else, ie that they have partake opportunities. Life opportunities include Housing. Warmth and shelter are basic human needs. Education and employment. Just about everybody is capable of learning, and education not only enables us to find employment, it helps us to realize our full potential as human beings. Transport, without which we couldnt get to work, to the shops, to see friends and family, to gp and hospital appointments, and so on. Health and social care, which all of us need at some point in our cash in ones chipss.Having enough money to buy a courteous quality of life and not live in poverty. Being able to buy goods and service, in person, by telephone or online using cash, cheques, realisation or debit cards or electronic transfer. Some people need extra help to access life opportunities. For example, having a physical or sensory disability can impact on gaining an education, a job, using public transport, getting to the doctors and being elderly or mentally ill can affect an individuals ability to maintain a decent standard of living, buy goods and services, speak up for themselves and have others listen to them. For this reason, fair to middlingity is also about giving people help, providing them with allow for services, so that they are not disadvantaged or do by less fairly than anyone else. People are disadvantaged for many reasons, but unremarkably because they are different with respect to their Appearance. Racial harassment and attacks are ordinarily acted out on people whose appearance, for example their kowtow colouring and movement of dress, is different from that of the perpetrator. Sex. Men are still more likely to be ameliorate paid than women and to reach the top of the career ladder, and some jobs are still perceived and advertised as being womens or mens work.Sexual orientation. Gays and lesbians remain subject to physical and communicative abuse. Age. Older people often describe themselves as invisible, undervalued and a turn on because of the way society treats them. Ability. A general lack of understanding about the needs of people with physical or mental disabilities results in them decision it very difficult to make the most of lifes opportunities. obligate disadvantage on people can pr raset them from entering into the popular life of their community and of society. In other words they can become socially and financially excluded. Inclusion The term inclusion is seen as a universal human right and aims at embracing all people irrespective of race, gender, disa bility, medical or other need. It is about giving equal access and opportunities and getting rid of discrimination and intolerance. Inclusion nurtures a sense of wellbeing and of confidence in ones own identity and abilities. And it ensures that everyone can achieve their potential and take their rightful place in society. The potential set up of discrimination A prejudice is an attitude or way of thinking base on an unfounded, unreasonable pre-judgement of an individual, particular group of people or situation, rather than on a factual assessment.Prejudices can be positive or shun. If we are positively prejudiced towards individual, we think well of them. On the other hand, if we are negatively prejudiced against someone, we tolerate them less. In the main, negative prejudices develop against people who are different in some way. variation happens when we act out our negative prejudices. Discriminatory behaviour results in unfair, raw treatment. The people most likely to be d iscriminated against are those who are different in respect of their Age. Age discrimination, or ageism, isnt only targeted at elderly people youngsters can also be on the receiving end of bullying, harassment and undeserved criticism. Sex. Men and women continue to be treated below the belt in certain walks of life, in particular in the workplace. variety based on sex is know as sexism. Nationality, ethnic background, religion. Some people consider themselves superior to those from different backgrounds and faiths.Victimisation, bullying and harassment of people for much(prenominal) reasons is know as racism. Ability. Barriers that prevent disabled people from accessing the same opportunities as able-bodied people and the ignorant acting out of negative prejudices against physically or intellectually disabled people, for example through namecalling and damage of their property, is known as disablism. Size. Some of us are guilty of judging people by their size and treating them unfairly as a result. This behaviour is known as sizeism. Financial status. Discrimination against people on the grounds of their income, for example treating people living in poverty as inferior, is known as povertyism. There are two forms of discrimination, direct and indirect. Direct discrimination occurs when someone is intentionally treated unfairly, for example harassment on the basis of skin colour or religion. Indirect discrimination occurs when rules or guidelines meant to apply to everyone accidentally affect one group of people more than others.For example, a connection policy requiring everyone to work night shifts indirectly discriminates against single parents or people who care for elderly relatives, and menus that fail to makeer a selection of food indirectly discriminates against people with specific dietary needs or preferences. Discrimination takes place in a variety of settings, for example within educational establishments, where learners may not be given sup port and encouragement if its assumed that their disability or advancing years affects their ability to learn in the workplace, when people are persecuted on the basis of their skin colour or sexual preference. In housing, when landlords refuse to let their property to someone because of their refugee status or ethnic background and in health and social care, when people are denied access to care on the basis of where they live the postcode lottery. Inclusive work practice Inclusive practice is about the attitudes, approaches and strategies taken to ensure that people are not excluded or isolated. It means supporting diversity by accepting and welcoming peoples differences, and promoting equality by ensuring equal opportunities for all. Inclusive practice is best practise.Health and social care workers demonstrate inclusive practice by functional(a) in ways that recognise, respect, value and make the most of all aspects of diversity. Having a sound awareness of and responding se nsitively to an individuals diverse needs supports them in developing a sense of belonging, wellbeing and confidence in their identity and abilities. And it helps them to achieve their potential and take their rightful place in society. In addition, inclusive practice involves having an understanding of the disastrous impact that discrimination, variety and social exclusion can have on an individuals physical and mental health. Having such an understanding ensures appropriate, personalised care and support, thereby enabling an individual to develop selfrespect and maintain a valued grapheme in society. Because people who fail to support diversity or labour equality are commonly entirely unaware of their attitudes and the impact of their behaviour, inclusive practice involves reflecting on and dispute ones own prejudices, behaviours and work practices. It also involves challenging those of colleagues and other service providers, with a view to adapting ways of thinking and worki ng and to changing services to build on good practice and to better support diversity and uphold equality.Discrimination is an injustice and has devastating effects. The UK has in place numerous pieces of legislation (laws), rules, regulations, guidance documents and statutory codes of practice, all of which are intended to promote diversity, ensure equality and end discrimination. In other words they are in place to promote everyones right to fair and equal treatment, regardless of their differences. movements of Parliament and regulations include The Human Rights bit 1998. This covers many different types of discrimination, including some that are not covered by other discrimination laws. Rights under the motion can be apply only against a public authority, for example, the police or a topical anaesthetic council, and not a private company. However, court decisions on discrimination usually have to take into direct what the Human Rights Act says. The Equality Act became law in October 2010. It replaces previous legislation (such as the Race relations Act 1976 and the Disability Discrimination Act 1995) and ensures consistency in what you need to do to make your workplace a fair environment and to admit with the law. The Equality Act covers the same groups that were sheltered by existing equality legislation age, disability, gender reassignment, race, religion or belief, sex, sexual orientation, marriage and obliging partnership and pregnancy and maternity but extends some protections to groups not antecedently covered, and also strengthens particular aspects of equality law.The Equality Act is a miscellany of rights and responsibilities that have Stayed the same for example, direct discrimination still occurs when someone is treated less favourably than another person because of a protected characteristic Changed for example, employees will now be able to complain of harassment even if it is not directed at them, if they can demonstrate that i t creates an offensive environment for them Been extended for example, associative discrimination (direct discrimination against someone because they associate with another person who possesses a protected characteristic) will cover age, disability, gender reassignment and sex as well as race, religion and belief and sexual orientation Been introduced for the first time for example, the concept of discrimination arising from disability, which occurs if a disabled person is treated unfavourably because of something arising in consequence of their disabilit.Other pieces of legislation that protect the rights of people who use care services include The NHS and Community conduct Act 1980. This protects the rights of older and disabled people to receive care at home and in the community in ways that take account of their choices. The Children Act 2004. This protects childrens rights by requiring Local Authorities to be supple in meeting their needs. Health and Social Care Act 2008. T his Act established the Care Quality committal (CQC), the remit of which is to protect and promote the right of people using health and social care services in England to quality care and to regulate its provision. CQC took over the roles of the Healthcare centering, Commission for Social Care Inspection and the Mental Health Act Commission in March 2009. These pieces of legislation have helped us move prior on equality, but in 2009, women were still earning, on average, 23% less per hour than men less able but better off children were overtaking more able, poorer children at school by the age of sixsome people with disabilities were still more than twice as likely to be out of work than able bodied people and one in five older people was unsuccessful in getting quotations for labour insurance, travel insurance and car hire.

British Mistakes During the Revolutionary War Essay

While there are numerous contributing factors to the Statess success in achieving independency, the most particular factor nookie be attributed to the series of British mistakes throughout the departure. Prior to the onset of the rotatory fight, the British government faced serious ch on the wholeenges, both politically and fiscally. The result of the French and Indian War coupled with the fighting in Europe, India and the westernmost Indies, left Britain with considerable debt and with few to little allies. The British government saw America as a way to generate revenue in order to assist in its recovery efforts. The fiscal stress in a post-war economy as well as various inborn struggles with foreign policy, bureaucratic dish upes and growing concern amongst its citizens regarding the war set the pointedness which ultimately ended in America defeating what was the most powerful armed postures in the world. The following paragraphs address specific reasons as to why the British failed to achieve and sustain a strategic advantage during the Ameri plunder regeneration. governance OrganizationFrom the onset of the war, the British failed to provide a cohesive and corporate strategic vision for the dispute with America. The organizational structure and political remains was not particularly efficient in decision making or policy establishment. Decision making was lengthy and critical information and strategic decisions were done independently and often in a dispersed manner. This process considerably added to the frustrations held by the American colonialists. In growth, the British military never had one sole leader to provide and oversee a exit strategic direction of the war effort (Professor Carpenter, NWC lecture).There were often nature clashes amid military controlers, heads of state and other influential roles not to keep an eye on the widespread corruption throughout all government entities which further mixed the situation. As a re sult of the French and Indian War, the British armament had also reduced the number of regiments. Both Naval and Army budgets were slashed resulting in less than half the armaments than at the height of the previous war. The demands of maintaining a home guard as well as other critical areas such as Ireland and Gibraltar stretched threads and provided additional challenges (Professor Carpenter, NWC lecture).In addition, recruiting was also a problem, particularly for British regiments stationed in America. Throughout the war the government experienced cracking difficulty in obtaining sufficient men for the ranks. Again and again it was instal impossible to complete the augmentation voted by parliament (Recruiting of Army, Chapter 3). These internal conflicts and issues led to brusk command and control and ineffective strategic leadership which lacked coherence and unity. misfortune to Understand the True Nature of WarIn order to adequately assess the British perspective of t he American colonists, we must first look the varying aspects of the environment. The British government struggled on how to sufficiently deal with the ascent in America. King George III, a great believer in preserving the British imperial interests, believed a British operation of brute force would force allegiance and submission. Although he himself didnt have the authority, he played an brisk role in persuading Parliament into winning action by pass various key American cities. The British assumed this visual aspect of force would demolish motivation and compel the Americans to cooperate. This approach be to be flawed. The British didnt understand that the American complaints nitty-grittyed on theories of constitution, economic independence and religious concepts.Supply Chain ManagementIn the case of the American Revolution, supply chain management will be approached from two some(prenominal)(predicate) perspectives, the provisioning of troops as well as the overall co mmunication dodging with regard to logistics and apparent movementment of resources. Both play a critical and every bit important role in any campaign and during the American Revolution both proven to be a detriment to the British forces. From archean on the British were confronted with serious challenges with providing provisions for troops operating in America. During the war, British provisioning scheme relied heavily on sustainment assume to have it away from the homeland. The 3000-mile trip proved to a tactical hindrance in alimentation the troops as well as resupplying with ammunition, blankets, shoes and armament. Often taking several(prenominal) months to arrive, the supplies arrived spoiled and unusable. Further amplifying the issue, the U.S. Continental Congress authorized effectual piracy which attributed to the seizing of over 300 British ships during the war.In addition to the resupply of troops, insufficient and ineffective use of transportation resources dimini shed British effectiveness on the battlefield. Due to poor planning and negligent communication between commanders, the various transport agencies utilized to resupply the British army struggled with prioritizing missions and did not in effect communicate with each other. In addition, independent decisions were made to keep units on-station to move troops vice sending rearward to resupply. Misaligned campaign plans and the lack of communication and collaboration among commanders resulted in a confused supply chain and complications for command and control. This ultimately slowed logistics support to troops and reduced British sustainment on the battlefield.Failure to Maximize sea PowerMahan advocates a successful navy must adopt and utilize an offensive dodge. From the onset of the American Revolution, the British did well in meeting this requirement and until the French entered the war, the British displayed an arouse naval superiority over the Americans, largely due to the fa ct that the American colonists did not have any naval forces. In the end, however, the British failed in sustain naval superiority when France and Spain entered the war. Their inability can be attributed to several critical areas failure to adequately reinvest in the replenishment of its fleet, failure to strike and equip its service members, and failure to effectively leverage naval forces in key campaigns Saratoga and Yorktown in particular. The 3000 mile supply chain, extra resources, piracy and lack of synergy among leadership and shipping agencies did not brook for the British fleet to organize themselves for sustainment purposes nor establish, enforce and maintain sea power.Mahan maintains the two major strategies for a strong sea power is a powerful Navy and a wide reaching commerce (Mahan, Sea Power, p. 539). In order to adequately defeat the enemy, Britain needed to capitalize on the lack of naval power prior to Frances entrance into the war. By not taking appropriate s teps to keep France out the war, the British effectively positioned themselves for failure. Mahan completely disagreed with how the British executed naval warfare by and by the French and Spanish entered the war. He believed that the British should have taken a more active approach in blockading European ports in order to bring the naval fight back to European soil.Mahan declared the whole fortune of the war should at the first have been staked on a concentration of the English fleet between Brest and Cadiz. (Mahan, Sea Power, 415). It was his legal opinion that this effort would have not only weakened the earthly concern support for the war but would also bring the forces of the American allies back to Europe to contest the blockades. In addition, the British naval forces would also gain ground from the much shorter supply chain in the event that their naval assets infallible repair. British leadership once again failed to see the strategic association between sea power and the unified strategic vision (Carpenter, NWC Lecture).Identifying Centers of sombernessA center of gravitational attraction is always found where the mass is gruelling most densely (On War, p.485). Correctly identifying the center of gravity or the hub of all power and movement, for which everything depends is ultimately the most critical part of defeating the enemy (On War, p. 596). blemish identification can prove to be costly in basis of resources, time and effectiveness on the battlefield. The British strategy during 1777-78 was to isolate colonies and systematically destroy the enemy. In order to execute, the strategy involved identifying and targeting large conglomerates of rebels, in other words attacking American cities. The British perception was by capturing cities like natural York and Philadelphia the rebel forces would view this overtaking and inevitably force submission to the colonialist.The mistake in the British perception was identifying American cities as t he centers of gravity. They failed to understand that the center of gravity was the Continental Army and the overwhelming public support for independence. This misunderstanding was demonstrated by British General Howe when he attempted to seize Philadelphia in order to lure General working capital to fight.The problem was that he attempted this operation independently, diverging from the planned strategy of cutting off and controlling the waterways coming in from Canada. Howe failed to understand that the center of gravity for the American colonists did not lie within a urban center but more in popular support for independence. In addition, by not supporting the established planned, his actions ultimately contributed to the defeat in the engagement of Saratoga. This example not only exhibits how the British misunderstood the center of gravity but also shows the command and control issues the British had as well. omit of Diplomatic ProcessArguably the most significant factor in Br itains demise was the failure to negotiate diplomatically from the onset of the conflict and routinely throughout. As the French and Indian War winded down, the British Empire was grand, very pompous and displayed signs of arrogance. This overconfidence contributed to why they didnt show concern in addressing the needs of the American colonists more diplomatically. This allowed the colonist to toss their focus to complete independence and strengthen their resolve for a typical democracy. Had they better understood the American objections and drive, they could have taken a more proactive approach to amicably reach a consensus and the war whitethorn have been prevented.The Americans, on the other, knew the importance of diplomatic traffichips. This was demonstrated with the alliances they built with France, Spain and the Netherlands. These relationships proved to be a vital piece of their strategy. The British Army had several advantages over the colonial forces size, training, exp erience, financial support, etc. Through the international relations that were forged, America reaped many benefits of financial support, ammunitions, manpower and most importantly naval support. These relationships proved to be a decisive factor in the American victory.ConclusionOverall the British demise during the American Revolution can be attributed to several key areas lack of a unified strategy, contain to no command and control, lack of synchronization among troops, government organizational structure, premature and unresponsive decision making and ineffective supply chain management. In addition, the adopted naval strategy failed to establish an effective naval strategy to overpower French and Spanish forces thereby increasing difficulties on the battlefield. By not clearly understanding the nature war and never truly defining an overarching objective, British leadership repeatedly encountered logistic and tactical challenges were proved to be fatal for their success.Bib liographyCarpenter, NWC lecture Red Team Britain and the American War for Independence Clausewitz, C. On War. Michael Howard and Peter Paret, eds. and trans. Princeton Princeton University Press, 1989. Mahan, A. T. The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, 1660-1783. New York Dover, 1987. The Recruiting of the Army. The Organization of the British Army in the American Revolution, Chapter 3. http//americanrevolution.org/britisharmy3.html.

Media hint

IntroductionMedia has al shipmodal value been in the forefront as a natural voice all over the world, and naturally, it has invited the wrath of all the regimes autocratic and republi roll in the hay alike. Among the media types, the unfold media, divisionicularly uttery has suffered the greatest suppression, whether it is in the Europe, the Americas, Africa or in the East. The most recent ex amperele comes from Pakistan, a Muslim nation in South Asia, where the military ruler Parvez Mushrraf had shut down the television post soon after he suspended the constitution and imposed emergency.Broadcasting the convey of programmes to be heard simultaneously by an indefinitely large good turn of people is a social invention, non a technical atomic number 53. (Curran J. & Seaton J., 2003). Television is perhaps the only modern media that had played a duple role, as a voice of the radical sagaciousness and as a media of propaganda. The emergence of the global television has made revolts of the people and radical opinion in any part of the world irrepressible. This has always made headaches for the feeling elites to respond in the same manner, to use television itself in company to suppress the opinion.Revolt against televisionIncidents of revolt against television as a mirror of the fairness have occurred before the advent of the broadcast television, where the regimes controlled the broadcasting system. The history can be traced from the wide spread information suppression and the iron chill that characterised the erstwhile Soviet regime. Later we numerous incidents around the world, mostly in autocracies where the official television run by the regime, disseminated the newfounds suppressing any separate ingestpoint. This has occurred in Iraq, in opposite states of the Middle East like Saudi Arabia, Iran and mostly many of the Muslim Sheikdoms.Suppression, ideology and televisionCommunication has the power to define, persuade, inform and to disinform. An abbreviation of communication at the level of community and nation is obliged to have a go at it that truth is not necessarily separated from falsehood rather, the process of propaganda blurs the elements in order to be persuasive. Taylor (1986) puts the matter succinctlyCommunication with a view to persuasion is an inherent human quality. I can take practice in a private conversation or a fold rally, in a church or cinema, as well as on a battlefield. It can manifest itself in the form of a statue or building, a coin or painting, a flag or a postage stamp. To the above list Taylor adds speech sermons,songs, art, radio waves, television pictures.Whether they lease between individuals or people in millions, the task of the psychoanalyst remains the same to investigate the intent of the act of communication and the ways in which members of the intended audience respond to that communication. It is arguable that most crowd together communication, whether it is a pa rty political broadcast, the TV news, a pop song, a soap opera or sitcom is in few way or another, to a greater or a lesser result is an exercise in propaganda. (Bagdikian A.,1987)Thompson identifies four forms of power exercised in ordering- economic, political, imperious and symbolic. stinting power emanates from the possession of wealthiness or the means by which wealth is generated political power rests in decision making arising from creation in a mooring of elected, appointed or inherited authority coercive power springs from the use of, or potential use of, superior strength. other classifications include position, resource, and charismatic power separately overlapping with Thompsons categories and each one somehow connected with communication processes.Yet the media have never been every separate from or independent of the forces which create them and which in turn they set and influence. They work as Thompson points out, within institutional frame works. As such, they operate as cultural apparatus, part of the machinery of state or of most mesomorphic reside groups within the state. Historically media have more often served as the voice of the powerful than of the people. They have been classified by Althusser as one of the prime Ideological State Apparatuses, along with religion, family structures ad education that is, they are crucially important channels for the transmission of rules of conduct in society the guardians of a cultures dominant norms and values. They play a part in all power forms, including in a contributory champion coercive power.The Chinese revoltThe memorable television images that emanated from Beijing on June 4, 1989 indicated to viewing audience that the Chinas revolutionary activity had been effectively extinguished. The military assign of force at Tiananmen Square preserved the political authority of Deng Ziaoping and the Chinese Communist Party for the short term. Following the historic Third Plenum of th e eleventh Central Committee meeting of the CCP in December 1978- a satellite based national television system was made a chair priority for achieving a wide range of propagandist objectives.Television was peaking as a communications medium in China during the troubled 1980s and had itself survive a significant symbol of the national modernization. By the middle of the disco biscuit nearly every urban household had bought a television receiver. still when push came to shove, televised reports of the military invasion of the student-worker encampment at Tiananmen Square were not transmitted in China. While the rest of the world tuned in to pictures of lionhearted students, intellectuals, and workers standing up to brute force of tanks and the political power of senescence bureaucrats, Chinese television viewing audience saw very different visuals and accounts of the tragical events in the capital city, and even those images came very late. Television had been forcibly restore d to its captain place as a blatant propaganda device.By managing television coverage of the brutish crackdown and subsequently constructing a massive propaganda onslaught, Chinese government officials hoped to re-establish social stability, support the place of the CCP as the nations legitimate political authority, and diminish ideological damage brought by the economic, political, cultural and social stresses that China see in the late 1980s.Why television news is so fearful? the other side of television newsThe research of the Glasgow University Media Group has been very controversial since the issue of Bad intelligence activity in 1976, as well as the drug-addicted of a great deal of criticism, not least from the journalists and broadcasters. Bad word of honor was concerned with the television coverage of industrial relations in 1975. the GUMGs analysis of the television news led it to conclude that viewers had been attached misleading portrayal of industrial disputes, a portrayal that distorted the actually situation.The groups work continued with More Bad sweets in 1980, which examined the language utilize to describe the two sides in industrial disputes. The descriptions attached to management were such that they persuaded the audience of the rightness of the management position against demands made by the unions. Trowler (1996) has produced an excellent summary of the major findings of their studies.The vocabulary of broadcast news is biased against specific groups and this bias structures the listeners perspective. Stories are selectively inform. The effects of strikes are reported more often than the causes of strikes. The visuals used are again selective and help to structure the message being put across. The tactics of the protestors are reported more often than their viewpoints, curiously when the tactics are deemed antisocial.There is a hierarchy of access to the media, so the voices we mainly get to hear are those of experts, spec ialist and the establishment. stark nakeds is reported from a particular ideological position. The media set the agenda for debate they tell us what to think about. They overly act as gatekeepers, thus excluding some stories and including others. This rationale of these findings can be applied not only in fighting the bad news by television but also in fighting an anti-people regime and sometimes in propaganda. This has been the mainstay in most of the democratic nations around the world. Even the Gulf War air by the CNN fits to this agenda. (Jones M. and Jones E. 1997)ConclusionTelevision of course is itself an authoritarian institution of sorts, one that articulates confidently and widely. Critics in all societies around the world, complain that the medium has the power to serve the interest of its owners by creating a narrow agenda and monopolizing public opinion, that it debases culture, and that it nearly mesmerizes viewers psychologically. Thus it has invited suppression a round the nations.ReferenceCurran J. and Seaton J. (2003) Power without responsibility The press, broadcasting and new media in Britain, London Routledge. Boyd-Baret et.al. (ed). (1997) Media in global context A reader, New York Arnold. Philip.M.Taylor M.P. (1986) Munitions of the mind A history of propaganda from the ancient world to the present day, New York Arnold Thompson J.B. (2002) The media and modernity A social theory of media, London Sage Jones M. and Jones E. (1997) loudness Media, London Macmillan. Bagdikian A. (1987). The Media Monopoly, Massachusetts Beacon Press.

Nicholas Sparks

The retain Dear buttocks by Nicholas Sparks is near a man created pot Tyree. He is 23 socio-economic classs sexagenarian and in the Army. put-ons generate has Asbergers syndrome and has a spiritedness passion of collecting coins. period he is home on collapse he meets a female child severalized savanna. Savannahis 21 years old and is a college student at the University of sexual union Carolina. She is a volunteer for habitat for Humanity. gutter and Savannah at Wilmington on the beach. Savannah was hanging bug break with some accomplices who also volunteer for Habitat for Humanity. Savannahs purse f wholes into the ocean and John dives in to save it. after(prenominal) John saves her purse they start talking and become fri repeals. They start hanging reveal and eventually go out on a date. The relationship grows proceedually fast since John has to return to Germany in a week. Savannah and John induct to know each other and the two of them fall in love. They prom ise to wait for each other since John has one year of service in the Army left onward being honourably discharged. September 11 happens and John deciding to be a whizz re-enlists for the Army. Savannah understands his motivation of heroism but sadly hurt, she continues to wait for John to be honorably discharged. fleck John is in the Army and stationed in Germany Savannah and John write garners to each other constantly. Every letter declaring their love for each other. Eventually John notices that their letters come less(prenominal) often and savannah becomes less intimate. Soon he nurtures the letter he has been catching. The letter telling him that Savannah has fallen for someone else. John does not respond to Savannahs put out letter but instead burns all of the letters from her that he had saved. He decides to put all his efforts into being a good soldier.John re-enlists for the Army again and stays away from his home for 3 much years. Johns render wee-wees sick and Jo hn goes home to see him. He tells his dad how much he means and how much John loves him. His military chaplain bum abouts out of the hospital and goes home. John goes subscribe to Germany for a bit more time. Then his father dies. He goes home for his fathers funeral and decides to look Savannah up. He vexs out she got married to her long time conversancy, Tim after he was impaired with melanoma. John and Savannah become friends again date Tim is in the hospital. John figures out his true feelings for Savannah.He decides he wants her to be skilful and that meant not geological fault up her marriage. He donates money anonymously for treatment to save Tims lifespan. The book The Last Song by Nicholas Sparks is about a young lady discoverd Ronnie Miller. Ronnie is cardinal years old, a vegetarian, and an animal lover. who is sent by her experience to devolve the summer after graduation with her ten-year-old brother, Jonah, visiting her father, Steve. Her father is a pre cedent Julliard professor. He divorced Ronnies mother, Kim, three years earlier. He left immature York City for his childhood home, W justsville Beach, North Carolina.Ever since he divorced her mom and go away Ronnie has refused to talk to him or to job the piano, which was their shared passion and becomes a rebellious clubber. Jonah immediately bonds with Steve over a stained drinking glass window that Steve has been recreating for the local church after the original burned trim second in a mysterious arson. Ronnie is hostile towards Steve. Ronnie asks Steve to Board up his Piano. Steve boards up his beloved piano and instead pursues his search for Gods presence. He also begins paternity a piano composition using a piano have by the church. Eventually she begins to soften towards him.Steve shows Ronnie a Loggerhead Sea turn over nest that Jonah found near their home. Ronnie vows to protect the endangered creatures. fleck watching over the turtle nest she meets an aquarium volunteer attaind Will. They shortly fall in love and spend several beautiful weeks together. Wills mother and his ex- little young ladyfriend attempt to drive Will and Ronnie apart. Wills best friend and beach volleyball partner, Scott is annoyed that Will is not practicing for their upcoming good turnnament. Marcus continues antagonizing Ronnie and blackmails Will with his knowledge of the unavowed that Scott was responsible for the church arson.Will and Ronnie also worry about the end of summer. At the end of summer Will is leaving for Vanderbilt University and Ronnie has a shoplifting trial. While dancing at Wills sisters wedding, Ronnie and Will begin to wander away to Wills sauceboat for privacy. They are followed by Marcus. Marcus instigates Will into a fight which wrecks the wedding reception. broken that the rich and powerful family will press charges, Marcus decides to raise money to leave town by putting on the most dangerous fire-juggling act the next day, the sa me day as Wills volleyball tournament.The act begins astonishingly but Blaze misses a catch and her shirt catches fire. Her screams and the flames attract the economic aid of the volleyball tournament crowd, including Ronnie and Will. As they drive Blaze to the hospital, Marcus and his crew pop off away. Will goes to Bowers Point to seek revenge for Blaze and finds Marcus, Teddy, and Lance well-nigh a fire drinking beers. He fights with the three of them and right in the middle of beating up Marcus Ronnie stops Will, telling him Marcus isnt worth razing his life over.Afterward, Scott accuses Will of ruining his life and Will walks out, telling Scott he needs to reveal the truth behind what he has done. Ronnie takes Steve to see them pitch the stained-glass window in the church when construction resumed be bring in the Blakelees decide to anonymously computer memory the rebuilding of the church. Following Steves funeral, Ronnie moves back to New York, auditions for Julliard. The n Will comes back and at moment they kiss. The story is about a guy name logan who finds a exposure of a woman while serving a tour in iraq. This picture finds hime good luck so when he gets back home he decides to find her. ll he goes by is the name on the back that says keep safe E The picture shows the girl with two other guys in a fair with a big ferris wheel behind it. He sets forth crusadeing to find this enigma woman. He trys to look her up in phone books and does research and narrows it drink garbage down to North Carolina where he in conclusion finds the woman. He travels with his dog Zeus ( i conceptualize german shepard) and standardized a bum he travels while travel he runs into a cop named Keith who he later finds out is Elizabeth ( the girl hes been looking fors ex husband).Logan teaches Keith a lesson by slashing the legal philosophy mans tires and I hypothesise trashing his camera which Logan caught Keith taking pictures of college co eds nearby at a part y fellowship. When Keith goes to talk to the teenagers or whatever logan exchanges a a couple of(prenominal) words with Keith and wanders off and Keith senses that something wrong with this guy. Logan gives a fake name Thibault (actually his last name) to the Keith when he asks for his name so in the story Keith knows logan as Thibault. Keith is a police officer and his dad is wish well the chief sherrif in town.Logan finally finds where she plant at a dog kennel and applies in that location for a job. At first they sound off hes kinda weird traveling for so long from far away just to get a scented start and wants a job here but they in short find him loving and elizabeth soon falls in love with him. She has a son named Ben whos like a genius he must be like 8 or 9 years old and likes to play cheating alot Zeus loves to play with Ben and soon theyre grow trust in Logan. Logan. Oh and elizabeths Nana works like day and night in the kennel too. Nana is perpetually right and has a keen aura that she can sense flock like if theyre lying or nice and stuff like that.Soon Logan gets into their life and roads cross where Keith finds out this weirdo is dating his ex wife whom he still has feelings for or wants to bang.. lol. ( in the book he dialog about how her body looks good and he would want a friend with benefit thing or something) and Keith finds the dirt on Logan and tells elizabeth about the movie he has of her and how hes hunted her down like some werido stalker. Elizabeth freaks out and tells Logan to get out of her life. Logan however had showed and given the photo to Ben a few chapters out front this happend. He just tells ben to keep it and not tell anyone.Oh ben has this secret get away manoeuvre house he loves by the lake and goes there to think and play and stuff. Oh Keith is a fake name that Keith Clayton have given to Logan convey he thought he was shady and lied to him. Keith is Bens biological father and was never close to Ben beca use ben was smart and liked chess while keith incessantly wanted a kid to play catch and football with, so whenever Ben would go to Keiths like every other weekend he would consternation it and hate it and just read a book during the time he was there, keith would imprint him clean the house and stupid stuff like that.After when Elizabeth wants Logan out her life, Keith tries to swoop in and have a relationship with her and she refuses hence Keith says that hell try to get full custody over ben if she doesnt date him. This simply happens for a chapter then the last chapter Ben is missing and they know hes in the tree house its stormy and the tree house is poorly built and dangerous. In the end Keith dies drowning trying to save Ben. Logan and Elizabeth, Ben and Zeus live together happy in the end. I hope this helps and good luck on your establish authorize so I read this book like a checkmate months back but have it with me and I will try to make some highlights for youThe st ory is about a guy name logan who finds a photo of a woman while serving a tour in iraq. This picture finds hime good luck so when he gets back home he decides to find her. all he goes by is the name on the back that says keep safe E The picture shows the girl with two other guys in a fair with a colossal ferris wheel behind it. He sets forth trying to find this conundrum woman. He trys to look her up in phone books and does research and narrows it down to North Carolina where he finally finds the woman.He travels with his dog Zeus ( i think german shepard) and like a bum he travels while traveling he runs into a cop named Keith who he later finds out is Elizabeth ( the girl hes been looking fors ex husband). Logan teaches Keith a lesson by slashing the police mans tires and I think trashing his camera which Logan caught Keith taking pictures of college co eds nearby at a party house. When Keith goes to talk to the teenagers or whatever logan exchanges a few words with Keith and w anders off and Keith senses that something wrong with this guy.Logan gives a fake name Thibault (actually his last name) to the Keith when he asks for his name so in the story Keith knows logan as Thibault. Keith is a police officer and his dad is like the chief sherrif in town. Logan finally finds where she works at a dog kennel and applies there for a job. At first they think hes kinda weird traveling for so long from far away just to get a fresh start and wants a job here but they soon find him loving and elizabeth soon falls in love with him.She has a son named Ben whos like a genius he must be like 8 or 9 years old and likes to play chess alot Zeus loves to play with Ben and soon theyre grow trust in Logan. Logan. Oh and elizabeths Nana works like day and night in the kennel too. Nana is always right and has a keen aura that she can sense people like if theyre lying or nice and stuff like that. Soon Logan gets into their life and roads cross where Keith finds out this weirdo is dating his ex wife whom he still has feelings for or wants to bang.. lol. in the book he dialog about how her body looks good and he would want a friend with benefit thing or something) and Keith finds the dirt on Logan and tells elizabeth about the photo he has of her and how hes hunted her down like some werido stalker. Elizabeth freaks out and tells Logan to get out of her life. Logan however had showed and given the photo to Ben a few chapters before this happend. He just tells ben to keep it and not tell anyone. Oh ben has this secret get away tree house he loves by the lake and goes there to think and play and stuff.Oh Keith is a fake name that Keith Clayton have given to Logan cause he thought he was shady and lied to him. Keith is Bens biological father and was never close to Ben because ben was smart and liked chess while keith always wanted a kid to play catch and football with, so whenever Ben would go to Keiths like every other weekend he would dread it and hate it and just read a book during the time he was there, keith would make him clean the house and stupid stuff like that. After when Elizabeth wants Logan out her life, Keith ries to swoop in and have a relationship with her and she refuses then Keith says that hell try to get full custody over ben if she doesnt date him. This only happens for a chapter then the last chapter Ben is missing and they know hes in the tree house its stormy and the tree house is poorly built and dangerous. In the end Keith dies drowning trying to save Ben. Logan and Elizabeth, Ben and Zeus live together happy in the end. I hope this helps and good luck on your test