Tecumseh Essays -- essays research papers

Tecumseh ,Shawnee war chief, was born at Old Piqua, on the grisly River in western Ohio. In 1774, his father, Puckeshinwa, was killed at the Battle of Point Pleasant, and in 1779 his m early(a), Methoataske, accompanied those Shawnees who migrated to Missouri, later died. Raised by an older sister, Tecumpease, Tecumseh would play war games with other fellow youths in his tribe. Tecumseh accompanied an older brother, Chiksika, on a series of raids against frontier settlements in Kentucky and Tennessee in the late 1780s. Chiksika had a vision that he would not survive the battle at Buchanans station he went ahead as plan and attacked the stockade and was mortally wounded and was carried from the battle field and the decease warrior asked not to be buried but to be placed on a hill. Tecumseh and the others retreated stern to a Cherokee village where most went back to Ohio while Tecumseh and some other warriors stayed behind. After that Tecumseh went on mostly hunting but occasionally attacking settlers. After that moved back towards home and come to find out that the Shawnees had moved on to where its much safer. The battle of Fallen Timbers broke self-assertion in British assistance as well as many casualties. Pissed off by the Indian defeat, he refused to sign the Treaty of Greenville (1795). In the 1800s Tecumseh began to show signs of a prominent war chief. He led a group of yong Indian warriors to a village on the White River in east-central Indiana. There in 1805 Lalawethika ex...

Christianity And Paganism In 4-8 Cent. :: essays research papers

     The consensus among many historians has been that the transition from paganism to Christianity in the Mediterranean world was effortlessly accomplished by the end of the quartern century. In Christianity and Paganism in the Fourth to Eighth Centuries, Ramsay MacMullen sets out to disprove the consensus, which he maintains is an understandable mis commentary considering the "corrupt foundation" of historical records it rested upon. He makes his case by covering a wide range of material to show that Christianity did not destroy paganism as much as join with it. Through his brilliant and original display of primary and secondary source material it becomes evident that paganism remained alive and deep-rooted long after Constantine. many a(prenominal) factors appear to have caused this, most prominently the vast extent of the empire and consequent diversity of tribal and local customs, which met states daily needs. Christianity replaced paganism only w hen the people believed it could do more(prenominal) for them what paganism had done (1). This was especially true of protection and of healing, primarily physical but withal psychological. People flocked to the shrines of Asclepius and others Could the Christian god, or more likely, the Christian saints, fill those shoes?     Most scholars of religious history probably accept, if they are honest to themselves, that religious history is a notoriously slippery business. Therefore, it is to the utility of all historians to be aware of the great variety of interpretations that are available. History is an ongoing discourse, in which many different interpretations can and should be written on the same history, each striking at least one chord that supporters of an opposing or different view can find significant. The validity of an interpretation of a particular history is fundamentally dependent on the existence of a sufficient amount of quality narratives or reco rds of historical events to provide a skeletal structure to assist in pinpointing relationships between people, time and space (2). MacMullen maintains that the historical records of late antiquity are not only insufficient, but also distorted. The Late Antique historical record seems to falsely suggest that paganism was not only defeated by the end of the fourth century, but had in fact successfully converted all of the pagans. In addition to the fact that the majority of historical records involving a conflict tend to focus on the winner, he asserts that the reason the historical records of Late Antiquity are unintelligible is because ecclesiastical and secular authorities destroyed or distorted them.

THE EVOLUTION OF CARIBBEAN SOCIAL POLICY Essay -- essays research pape

THE EVOLUTION OF CARIBBEAN SOCIAL POLICY Reasons for the Changes and Shifts in the affectionate Policy Agenda From the 1940s to the Present bound. amicable Policy may be broadly defined as a system of accessible welfare that includes economic as well as non-economic objectives and involves few measure of progressive redistribution in command over resources1. Using Mishras typology of social welfare models (see Fig. 1 below), this paper describes the evolution of social policy in the English-speaking Caribbean. Drawing primarily from the experiences of Trinidad and Tobago and Jamaica, four chronological periods are used to highlight the factors contributing to the major developments in social policy 1) the Immediate Post-War Period and the Moyne Commission (1940 to 1950) 2) Transition to Self-Government (1950 to 1961) 3) Ideology and the Immediate Post-Independence Period (1962 to 1973) 4) the Oil Crisis, institution Recession and Structural Adjustment (1970 to 1980s) 5) (Concl usion) The Present Period (1990 to present)2. A followup of the literature revealed that a combination of social, economic, political/ideological and international factors contributed to policy development at each stage of this evolutionary process. This paper argues that as a result of these factors, Caribbean social policy gradually moved from a strong residual approach prior to the Moyne report, and tended to a more institutional approach during the variation period to full internal self-government, then to a more geomorphologic approach in the immediate post-independence period, and back to a residual approach when structural adjustment policies were instituted in the 1980s. Of course, in reality the policies formulated in the various periods do not conform perfectly to Mishras types. However, this does not detract from the pertinence of the model to the present analysis, as it is an inherent feature of all ideal types (as is implied by the descriptor ideal). Also, while the g eneral factors contributing to the evolution of Caribbean social policy has been highlighted, the specific ways in which these factors manifested in each country are extensively discussed. Fig. 1 Mishras welfare Models1 Main FeaturesType of WelfareResidualInstitutionalStructuralState responsibility in meeting needs (ideology of state intervention)MinimalOptimal... ...Henry, Ralph and Moesire, Alicia. Poverty Alleviation and Reduction Programmes the Commonwealth Caribbean love in Poverty, Empowerment and Social Development in the Caibbean. Ed, Norman Girvan. Mona Canoe Press UWI, 1997, 101 136. Mac Pherson, Stewart. Social Policy in the Third World The Social Dilemmas of Underdevelopment. UK Wheatsheaf Books Ltd. 1982. Neil, Joan. Targeting and Poverty New Trends in Social Policy Social Projects for Alleviation in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. UNECLAC, 1992. Robothom, Don. Social and Economic Policy Starting provide and End-States, UWI, 1995. Sinha, D.P. Health Care of T he Population in Children of the Caribbean. CFNI/PAHO, 198 8. 123-144. Stone, Carl. Power Policy and Politics in Independent Jamaica in Jamaican in Independence Essays on the azoic Years. Ed, Rex Nettleford. Kingston Heinemann Caribbean, 1989, 19-53. Thomas, Clive, Y. The interrelationship between economic and social development in Poverty, Empowerment and Social Development in the Caribbean. Ed, Norman Girvan. Mona Canoe Press UWI, 1997, 20-49. Titmuss, R. Social Policy An Introduction.

Cathers Death Comes for the Archbishop - A Narrative :: Cather Death Comes for the Archbishop

Cathers Death Comes for the Archbishop - A NarrativeAs I was forum information on the World Wide Web for my discussion for class, I encountered snippets of the debate as to the classification of Cathers Death Comes for the Archbishop. Having thumbed through a a few(prenominal) arguments and some reader responses to her al-Qurans and having read the work, I have come to a safe conclusion If Cather would like her book remembered as a narrative, then we should abide by her wishes and let it lie at that. The reason? Its not a novel. At least not a good one.Cather can write and what she did in DCA proves her talent. Her descriptions are intriguing and she can paint a wonderful landscape with words that any reader can feel completely encompassed in. Her characters are solid you write out them or hate them and you have a number of reasons to defend your position. All the bits and pieces of DCA are sound. No, the problem is not with her technical style so much as her overall compositio n. Theres no plot.What Cather has essentially given us is a collection of anecdotes about a couple of Catholic priests spreading religion in impudently acquired plots of American soil. Its true that by the end of the book, the stories ebb themselves together and remarkably even make a strong impression, however, the last quarter of a book is not the strongest locus to begin a plot. The reader would like a reason or even a clue or mild tip as to what the book is going to be about by the time he is half way through it. I was pretty sure it had something to do with those scuffs as they seemed to work themselves back into the story a number of times. (I was quite positive of this when the one time Father Latour decided not to take his pearl-colored mule on an emergency trip and instead opted for the larger army mule, it died in the snowstorm, thus saving noble Angelica.) Alas, it wasnt about the mules.One loose definition of a narrative is simply the telling of a series of events.

Lasers in Surgery Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Lasers in Surgery Abstract The optical maser is gaining increasing popularity in the medical field beca physical exercise of its broad application, efficiency, and improvement in overall ease of the procedures in which it is used.. The laser can treat an enormous range of ailments. The chronic iniquity snorer can give those around him relief by a simple procedure with the laser. In dermatology, the laser can be used for removing moles, tattoos, birthmarks, treating wrinkles, and possibly destroying splutter cancer. The once dreaded trips to the dentist may become less painful since the laser is helping to replace the drill and Novocain. The laser also is becoming more and more popular in orthopedics for treating shoulder, knee, and back ailments. For women many gynecological problems ranging from infertility to endometriosis can be treated with the laser. For small, precise work the laser is inhering such as in the eye. Unfortunately, since laser medicine is stil l rapidly developing, it has experienced its pitfalls in some areas like cardiology. Overall, the laser is an invaluable substitute for the scalpel of the past, and the lasers possibilities for the approaching are broad and promising. Lasers in Surgery The laser is creating a bloodless revolution. A laser works by using heat to obliterate cells. As it cuts, blood vessels are sealed, and tissue is sterilized. The laser is particularly useful in regions of the body that are difficult to reach. Many types of lasers are used in surgery, and the physical body (gas, liquid, solid, visible, or unseen) varies based on the procedure. Choosing the laser to fit the procedure is essential because otherwise damage such as fires, eye harm, a charred cheek, a chipped t... ...ion to use lasers at local hospitals are generally reputable. Laser surgery is a pioneering field of medicine. The laser is used for some type of procedure in much every specialty field. Doctors are research ing the laser for even more increased use because it provides a noninvasive, quicker, and less painful approach to many procedures. In the future, the laser will become an increasingly common place medical tool. Bibliography Laser Surgery Can Stop the Noise. USA Today February 1995 14-15. McCarthy, Laura Flynn. Bright Lights of the Medical World. ecumenical May 1995 262-265. Pringle, Lidia Wasowicz. Zapping Disease. Vibrant Life July-August 1994 22-24. A Ray of Hope for Snorers. Health January-February 1994 16-17. Rosenbaum, Joshua. Lasers- Hope or Hype? American Health June 1994 68-74.

Lasers in Surgery Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Lasers in military operation Abstract The optical maser is gaining increasing popularity in the medical survey beca use of goods and services of its broad application, efficiency, and improvement in overall ease of the uses in which it is used.. The laser can treat an enormous range of ailments. The chronic nighttime snorer can give those around him relief by a simple procedure with the laser. In dermatology, the laser can be used for removing moles, tattoos, birthmarks, treating wrinkles, and possibly destroying skin cancer. The once dreaded trips to the dentist may become less painful since the laser is helping to replace the drill and Novocain. The laser also is becoming increasingly popular in orthopedics for treating shoulder, knee, and back ailments. For women many gynecological problems ranging from infertility to adenomyosis can be treated with the laser. For small, precise work the laser is indispensable such as in the eye. Unfortunately, since laser medic ine is still rapidly developing, it has see its pitfalls in some areas like cardiology. Overall, the laser is an invaluable substitute for the scalpel of the past, and the lasers possibilities for the future are broad and promising. Lasers in Surgery The laser is creating a bloodless revolution. A laser works by using heat to obliterate cells. As it cuts, blood vessels are sealed, and tissue is sterilized. The laser is particularly useful in regions of the bole that are difficult to reach. Many types of lasers are used in surgery, and the kind (gas, liquid, solid, visible, or unseen) varies based on the procedure. Choosing the laser to fit the procedure is essential because otherwise damage such as fires, eye harm, a charred cheek, a chipped t... ...ion to use lasers at local hospitals are generally reputable. Laser surgery is a pioneering field of medicine. The laser is used for some type of procedure in practically every specialty field. Doctors are researchin g the laser for even more increased use because it provides a noninvasive, quicker, and less painful approach to many procedures. In the future, the laser will become an increasingly common place medical tool. Bibliography Laser Surgery Can Stop the Noise. USA Today February 1995 14-15. McCarthy, Laura Flynn. Bright Lights of the Medical World. Cosmopolitan May 1995 262-265. Pringle, Lidia Wasowicz. Zapping Disease. Vibrant Life July-August 1994 22-24. A Ray of fancy for Snorers. Health January-February 1994 16-17. Rosenbaum, Joshua. Lasers- Hope or Hype? American Health June 1994 68-74.

Ojt Format

A NARATIVE REPORT OF INTERNSHIP IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY MADRAZO, JOSE PAOLO V. DECEMBER 2013 TABLE OF contents RECOMMENDATION LETTER. i CLEARANCE SHEET. ii APPROVAL SHEET iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT. iv DEDICATION v A. AN OVERVIEW OF AMA COMPUTER COLLEGE AMA sight.. 1 AMA Mission.. 2 AMA Hymn. 3AMA Quality Policy 4 AMA History 5 AMA Foundation 8 AMA Education system. 10 AMA compact. 12 AMA Courses Offered17 B. LECTURES AND IMPORTANT POINTS IN PRACTICUM Introduction.. 21 Lectures and Important Points in Practicum.. 22 Objectives of a Practicumer.. 23 Values and Attri furthithers of a Practicumer.. 24 Problems Encountered . 26 Suggestion and Recommendation.. 7 C. WORKPLACE AND ON-THE-JOB reading Memorandum of Agreement .. 28 Company Vision.. 32 Company Mission 33 Company History34 mundane Activity Report 37 genteelness stick out Outline. 43 Evaluation Sheet. 45 Daily Time Record. . 48 Certificate of Complet ion 51 Pictorials.. 52 D. CURRICULUM VITAE October 9, 2012 AMA calculator College Fairview Quezon CityIn line with our objective to provide our disciples with holistic, type and relevant calculating machine based bringing up in every(prenominal) discipline, we have always emphasized a dynamic curriculum. Hence, instruction is pragmatic in approach. savants be given the beat training after having finished the theoretical requirements in school. It is in this context that this school wishes to recommend Madrazo, Jose Paolo V. a student of Bachelor of Science in information Technology to undergo training in your office. The arrange student is required to complete four hundred eighty six (486) hours of training.We look forrad for your brformer(a)ly response on this matter. Thank you for cosmos a part of our thrust to provide the youth with persona education. Respect beneficialy yours, Mr. Rodolfo T. Rosario College doyen Ms. May Florence D. San Pablo OJT Adviser i CLEARAN CE SHEET This is to certify that MADRZO, JOSE PAOLO V. , an on-the-job trainee of AMA calculating machine College Fairview, during the 3rd trimester, school social class 2012 2013 has been cle ared to property and financial responsibility of this college. Recommending Approval, Ms. May Florence D. San Pablo AdviserMr. Rodolfo T. Rosario College Dean ii APPROVAL SHEET The narrative authorship attached hereto, prepared and submitted by Jose Paolo V. Madrazo in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the none Bachelor of Science in teaching Technology at AMA estimator College Fairview Campus is hereby throwed. Recommending Approval, Ms. May Florence D. San Pablo Adviser Mr. Rodolfo T. Rosario College Dean iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would corresponding to thank AMA figurer College Fairview for a quality education that enhanced my knowledge and scientific disciplines that I used during my internship.To my IT supervisors, Mr. Jessar Medenilla and Mr. Richard Albarin who taugh t me about new and great ideas on how to remedy and develop my skills and knowledge beneficial to survive in the IT industry. To my OJT adviser, Ms. May Florence D. San Pablo whos always hold waterive and caring to me, giving me assistance and being kind to all students that she handled. To my Co-OJTs, Chico De Guzman, Renier King Villanueva, Christian Navarra and Mark Anthony Managbanag , for understanding and support that they given to me.And last but definitely not the least, to our Almighty God for the knowledge He gave to me, to all the blessings and passionate understanding, and protecting us from harm. We thank and appraise Him. Jose Paolo V Madrazo iv DEDICATION I dedicate this On-the-Job Training documentation and fulfillment to my family who are always there for me, giving me advice and always encouraging me in all the things I do. To my adviser and partial adviser, Mrs. May Florence D. San Pablo and Sir Oscar H. Halamani Jr. for all the reminders, advice, and support she has given to me.To my friends, Who help me in understand and support me in our tasks given by our supervisors. To myself of course, for a wonderful experience and learning that really enhanced my skills and knowledge to be ready for my future in IT industry. And last but not the least, to our Almighty God who gives me strength to do all things. Jose Paolo V Madrazo v OVERVIEW OF AMA COMPUTER COLLEGE AMA VISION 1010 The vision of the AMA Computer College is to become the leader and ascendant provider of quality and excellent information engineering based and related services in the global market.AMA MISSION The global mission of AMA Computer College is to provide a holistic, quality, estimator based- education in all aim and disciplines with the objective of producing professional and leader responsive to needs of perception and international community for the wonder and notoriety of GOD Almighty. AMA HYMN You put us in mould, dear Alma Mater You hold the future in this rac e against quantify Through the geezerhood in your folds We nurtured our dreams Our promise to you The toast is for you Dear Alma mater You have given us arms For the battles of life And the conquest of our dreamsOh, Dear AMA You have our minds We pull up s put ons gladness by which The toast is for you The light up ahead is victory foreseen With noble desires, we behold its gleam Our motherland lays her promises on the youth The future that we hold is her hope That unfolds. AMA EDUCATION SYSTEM QUALITY POLICY The AMA Education System (AMAES) committed to produce globally and well-rounded graduates in various disciplines who will be leaders in their respective fields of endeavor. The system adheres to the principles of Total Quality Service and Total Customer Satisfaction in pursuing this objective.HISTORY OF AMA COMPUTER COLLEGE The year was 1978, Amable R. Aguiluz V. , fourth part son and namesake of Amable M. Aguiluz (1913 1977) who was former auditor general during the Maca pagal Administration, formed a distributorship in Manila for Computer land. The family became one of the main distributors of Apple Computer in the Philippines. It became one of the venues by which advancements made in the electronic ready reckoner skill and technologies were absorbed in the Philippines industrial life. The computer boom originating in Silicon Valley manifested itself in this undertaking.In the Philippines, as in other parts of the world, the trend is towards computerization. However, the object conditions of the national economy are still not very suitable to this modern technology. The distributors originator is therefore to ensure an increasing rate of demand for computers. The formula was simple train programmers for wider statistical distribution base. On October 22, 1980, The Amable M. Aguiluz Institute of Computer Studies (AMAICS) was launch for said intention. It cannot be denied the Institute was initially conceived to bolster the marketing effort of Computer land.The education component was ensuant to the main undertaking of distributorship. AMAICS was housed at the second floor of David grammatical construction along Shaw Boulevard. Six-apple computer were initially used and eight trainees were taken in for its EDP courses. The courses increase sense of the application of computer technology in every aspect of human endeavor. The outgrowth has already ensured a steady demand for computer. However, computer sentiency was not enough. What started as part of insistent selling strategy must(prenominal) now be viewed as an independent concern.Why train more programmers when there is a need to lay the foundation for indigenous computer science development? The pedigree venture must take a separate cause. The time to take up education as a separate operatives agenda has started. Six months after its inception, AMAICS stared offering the Comprehensive Bachelor of Science in Computer Science Program. In its initiatory semes ter, the institute has thirteen enrollees. Student population continuously rose from a pioneering batch of 13 students to over 10,000 students by school year 1992 1993. As enrollment increase, its Board of trustees as AMA Computer College renamed AMAICS.These necessitate the expansion of its physical plant. To date in addition to the Makati and Quezon City Campuses, the launching has other campuses in the provinces of Cebu and Davao. In keeping with its global mission, the institution has unfastened two international in Guam and Bangladesh. The Quezon City campus has its own sport facilities and a computer center, which houses the modish state of the art equipment. The said campus also houses the elementary and high up school departments. The outcome has already ensured a steady demand for computer.However, computer awareness was not enough. What started as part of insistent selling strategy must now be viewed as an independent concern. Why train more programmers when there i s a need to lay the foundation for indigenous computer science development? The business venture must take a separate cause. The time to take up education as a separate working agenda has started. straightaway in the program of action of the institution is the attainment of full university stead by the year 1995. Its own sport facilities and a computer center, which houses the latest state of the art equipment.The said campus also houses the elementary and high school departments. ready in the program of action of the institution is the attainment of full university status by the year 1995. With the inking of an parallelism with the prestigious American League of College and Universities (ALOCU) that has more than 30 affiliate member schools all over the United States, The forward movement continues. AMA Computer College is also an affiliate of the Philippine Computer Society, The Philippine Association for Computer College of Arts and Sciences, Philippine Chamber of Commerce a nd Industry, John F.Kennedy lacquer Campus and the US Chamber of Commerce. AMA FOUNDATION The Quezon City Campus has its own sport facilities and computer center which houses the latest-state of the art equipment. The said campus also houses the elementary and high school departments. The outcome has already ensured a steady demand for computer. However, computer awareness was not enough. What started as part of insistent? Selling strategy must now be viewed as an independent concern. Why train more programmers when there is a need to lay the foundation for indigenous computer science development?The business venture must take a separate cause. The time to take up education as a separate working agenda has started. Immediate in the program of action of the institution is the attainment of full university status by the year 1995. Its own sport facilities and a computer center, which houses the latest-state of the art equipment. The said campus also houses the elementary and high sc hool department. Immediate in the program of action of the institute is the attainment of full university of full university status by the year 1995.With the linking of the correspondence with the prestigious American league of college and universities (ALOCU) that has more than 30 affiliate member schools all over the United States. The forward movement continuous AMA Computer College is also an affiliate of the Philippines Computer Society. The Philippines Association for Computer College of Arts and Science. Philippines Chamber of Commerce and Industry, John F. Kennedy Japan Campus and the US Chamber of Commerce. AMA EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM pic straight off a computer university, AMA continues to provide the most in-demand courses in information technology, the arts, sciences and engineering. picBahrains higher education landscape received a major boost with the opening of AMA global Universitys Bahrain branch in September 2002. pic ACLC offers a comprehensive ICT curriculum with 2 year diploma courses that are globally recognized one from ACLC and the other from the topic Computing center-United Kingdom. pic ABE focuses on e-business and the new technologies to act the students learning more relevant to the new global economy. pic AIIT offers full curriculum courses in tele confabulations and electronics technology, a pioneer in the Philippines. picSt.Augustine International civilize has liquid ecstasy use of GEMS, a multimedia instructional material that fudges learning more fun and a direct experience. pic AMAs entry into the health check profession, now initially offers IT-based Nursing Education using state-of-the-art medical facilities in three AMA campuses East Rizal, Calamba and Cavite. pic NMA offers new in-depth marine training programs and facilities with the support of the latest innovations in technology. pic To satisfy the current demand for professional training in Caregiving, AMA now offers IT-supported certificate courses manifest b y TESDA.PARTNERSHIPS OF AMA AMAES schools deem partnerships with the industry leaders to maintain its global competitiveness in the field of Information technology. These partners provide technological and software support to the disagreeent endeavors of AMAES. These tie-ups also make trainings and certification programs more well-disposed to AMAers, giving them the advantage over other IT graduates. AMA Computer University of Quezon City has been appointed since Nov. 24, 1998 as one of the CISCO Regional Academy in the Philippines.This appointment allows AMACU to insure and implement the program called CISCO cyberspaceing Academy Programs (CNAP). As regional academy, AMACU may appoint local academies to reach more students across the nation. Oracle was one of the first companies to make its business applications available through the internetan idea that is now pervasive. With the release of Oracle Fusion Middleware, Oracle has begun debuting new products and functionality tha t reflect the companys goal connecting all levels of first step technology to help customers access the knowledge they need to respond to market conditions with speed and agilityThe partnership is an academic collaboration between AMA Education System (AMAES) and Alpha innovations in the area of Robotics Learning Center (RLS). The partnership makes AMA and all its corporate member components, as the letters Education Partner in the Philippines. With this partnership in hand, the student in some selected AMACC campuses and learning centers will be equipped with a quick startup and introduction to the world of active robotics. FESTO Inc. has appointed AMAES as the Executive and Only Premiere Education Training Partner in the Philippines.The partnership aims to pioneer the offering of Mechatronics Engineering in the Philippines and as well as in any AMA International Branch operation. It covers installation of complete Mechatronics Engineering laboratory, which it first in the Philip pines, plus FESTO Inc. will transfer the technology to AMAES. FLUKE NETWORKS is a spin company from Fluke instruments. They are specializing in manufacturing very high quality instruments. AMA was appointed by FLUKE Networks to be exclusive training partner in the Philippines and in the ASEAN region.IntraLearn computer software Corporation (IntraLearn) provides configurable e-Learning software that helps small to mid-sized organizations as well as departments of the Global 2000 to rapidly and effectively deploy measurable training and facilitate the exchange of knowledge among their students, employees, customers, suppliers and partners. Introduced in 1997, IntraLearn e-Learning software is now used by more than 500 organizations and more than two one million million million people in 30+ countries worldwide. As the only Premier Education Partner of Microsoft, AMA is able to provide its students the first crack to the latest Microsoft software.By integrating Microsoft into its cur ricula, students are prepared by the Microsoft certification programs much(prenominal) as the Microsoft Office User Specialist (MOUS) and the Microsoft Certified Professionals (MCP). As one of Microsofts recognized testing centers, AMA will be able to generate up to 10,000 Microsoft Certified Professional annually, the most that any institution can produce worldwide. AVAYA AMA has likewise been appointed by AVAYA communication as the executive Authorized Training Center (ATC) for the ASEAN region.The training center delivers industry-standard training and diploma course for the Systemax Structured Cabling System. The technology covers knowledge in send voice, data, video, and image over copper and fiber optic. MYOB The MYOB Group, founded in 1991,is a leading provider of business give carement software for small and medium sized enterprises rough the world in the year 2001 AMA Education System formed partnership with MYOB Malaysia to acquire the MYOB Premier Version 5 software (a ccounting system) and its upgrade until 2003 for its integration to method of accounting subject of AMAES.The MYOB Premier 5 is currently implemented to all AMA CU/ AMACC, ACLA, AIIT and ABE branches nationwide. Last May 2003, AMA Computer University has been appointed as Authorized Pearson VUE Testing Center (PVTC). This appointment allows the access and use of worlds most advanced, flexible test delivery system to cater the industry certification need of employees, skill members and students. SAP was founded in 1972 as Systemanalyse und Programmentwicklung (System Analysis and Program Development) by five former IBM engineers in Mannheim, Baden-Wurttemberg (DietmarHopp, Hans-Werner Hector, HassoPlattner, Klaus E.Tschira, and Claus Wellenreuther). With its SYSTIMAX network infrastructure solutions, only CommScope helps enterprise customers take advantage of business and technology opportunities today and in the future. By reliably powering mission-critical, high-bandwidth and eme rging applications, SYSTIMAX infrastructure solutions help you support advanced, new services and improve the profitability of your business. The tie-up of AMA with the National Computing Center of the United Kingdom (NCC-UK) entitles students to gain various London-based diplomas.The International Diploma in Computer Studies (IDCS) and International sophisticated Diploma in Computer Studies (IADS) are international diplomas recognized in more than 40 countries worldwide. PROGRAM / COURSES OFFERED Admission to AMAES Academic Programs The AMA Education System provides frontmost computer education that is distinguished by its cutting edge technology, top of the line curricular programs, and the most competent line up of faculty in the various fields of information and communications technology (ICT).AMA is also equipped with educational, computing and scientific resources to support academic programs that specializes in business administration, accountancy, marketing, the liberal art s, nursing, maritime and medicine. Its accumulated pool of human resources is industry trained to impart quality knowledge and skills to all types of students not only in the Philippines but in the next countries of Asia and the world. AMAES prepares its students not only for immediate employment in any part of the globe but for continual learning in the Age of Information.With internationally certified equipment and facilities, highly aggressive and very creative management system, and superb technological expertise, AMA definitely notches above the rest. In all schools of AMAES, the curricula are reviewed and revised regularly to make them responsive to the dynamics of changes sweeping the twenty-first century especially in the Computer Science. AMAES schools also maintain several international tie-ups with respected academic institutions to make sure that the course offerings are globally recognized.At the same time, its international affiliates in the industry provide internati onal certificates and diploma to all graduates of AMAES. As Asias leading IT-based education institution, AMAES champions to provide various academic programs in different fields, as follows College of Arts and Sciences AB major(ip) in Mass Communications AB Major in English AB Major in Political Science AB Major in Economics BS in Psychology College of Engineering BS in Computer Engineering BS in Electronics and Communications Engineering BS in Industrial EngineeringCollege of Business Administration and Accountancy BSBA Major in Marketing BSBA Major in Management Information System BSBA Major in monetary Management BSBA Major in Management BS Major in Accountancy College of Education Bachelor of Secondary Education Major in Computer Education Bachelor of Elementary Education Major in Computer Education College of Computer Studies BS Computer Science BS Information Management BS Information Technology Graduate Courses MA in Computer Education MS in Computer Science Master in Busin ess Administration Master in Public AdministrationAlthough schools may differ in the offerings of academic programs, one thing is certain AMA strongly maintains one system of delivery, methodology and quality. Many of the courses offered in AMA schools underwent a thorough review and benchmarking undertaken by seasoned educators and intellectual experts. Its growing population of 150,000 is enjoying the colors and fun of learning. LECTURES AND IMPORTANT POINTS IN PRACTICUM INTRODUCTION This narrative report is a requirement of AMA students for the completion of our course Bachelor of Science in Information Technology.On-the-Job Training will be very useful for us since this will be the fundamentals for our training earthly concern in the field we are discharge to choose. From the lectures we have learned from our professors to the actual applications of it, we really can tell that we are ready to step into the next level of our lives. Its not easy to be in our chosen field if we are not well trained from the start. Students used to ask what they will be in the future, the fact that they are not doing what they have supposed to do while they are still students. When they are already on the training ground, they unbroken saying that its hard.Yes, its hard, nothing is easy anyway. We took our practicum at AMA Computer College Fairview Campus, but we didnt think of hardship. Instead we thought of the challenge and the things we are going to learn in that institution. We never gone wrong, we really learned everything we want to learn, we know that we have learned enough at school, but just like one of our professor said its all different when you are in the field and applied all you have learned, you will tell to yourself that its not enough but the broader knowledge is outside the school where you can learn much more that you have learned at school.This narrative report has been compiled for the use of the future practicum as their reference. We know that we w ill get a good job in the future and because of having an experience is very useful, everything will not be that hard for us anymore LECTURES AND IMPORTANT POINTS IN PRACTICUM With the problems encountered by the trainee, the following are suggestions/recommendations that helped solve the aforementioned problems Being a little anxious is good because it keeps one always on his/her toes, therefore, always be prepared. Never hesitate to ask questions because it is better to let everyone know that youre ignorant than not to ask questions and remain ignorant forever. Never rest on ones laurels and be willing to learn every day because this makes it affirmable for one to be wholly developed. Learn how to manage ones time properly and wisely. Change the things that one can change about oneself and accept those that one cannot. Accept the fact that one cannot please everybody. OBJECTIVES OF A PRACTICUMER To obtain exposure in all the aspects of learning. To understand the nature a nd aspiration of the clients. To acquire basal counseling, teaching skills, and critical analysis. To lend the ability of the practicumer in dealing with people. To develop creativity, resourcefulness, and patience. To put into practice the basic principles of learning. To develop absolute attitudes towards responsibility given to us. To crystalize the goal in becoming effective and efficient employee in the future. VALUES AND ATTRIBUTES OF A PRACTICUMER 1 AArrive a little early for every date or appointment. BBe enthusiastic in everything you do. CComplete every assigned task. DDo a little bit more than what is required.EExpress yourself if you know the fact. FBe comfortable in every situation by being you. GGo all out to serve other. HHelp and pray with your enemies. IInculcate positive values. JJoin in and help when you are needed. KKeep your head cool, it will save you from trouble. LListen with your heart and not with your ears. MMake the best with what you have. NNever say its hard, instead try your best. OOpen your heart and mind to those with less fortunate than yours. PPlease you by pleasing others. QQuickly responds to any emergency needs. RRemember the spirit of Christmas that should be for everybody.SStudy to excel in your profession. TTake advantage of the opportunity. UUse your spare time intelligently. VValue your health. WWork at your work. X(X) Cross out any qualities that could lead to failure. YYou are the most important asset. Treat it well physically and emotionally. ZZestfully acquire any challenge and zipper your mouth if you know that you can hurt somebody. PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED To be assigned to a position for the first time and unaware of what draw may occur during internship, problems are most likely to happen from situations. The following are . Lack of foundational skills that are essential to perform well on the internship. 2. Financial problems. 3. Transportation problems. 4. Unfamiliar and different environment resulted to confusions. 5. Misunderstanding with the supervisors. 6. Misunderstanding with co OJT. 7. High expectations from the supervisors. 8. Conflicting time between classes and internship obligations. 9. Differing task assigned by the supervisors and other departments that affects the quality of the results. 10. Absents that are unavoidable. SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 1.Choose a company that is best and suitable for your course. 2. Be patient at all times learn how to control your temper. 3. Learn how to manage your schedule time between classes, work obligations and personal life. 4. Practice and enhance your skills during your training. 5. Trainees should cooperate, and have the initiative to do work or tasks even without the supervision. 6. Be amiable and considerate to your co-trainees or co-employees. 7. Have a vigorous lifestyle (exercise, sleep 10hours a day, drink at least 8 glass of water, eat healthy foods). 8. Have self-confidence at all times.WORKPLACE AND ON-THE-JO B TRAINING MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT AMA COMPUTER COLLEGE PARTIES This Memorandum of Agreement is entered into between AMA Group of Companies, represented by its representative, heretofore referred to as the Training macrocosm and the AMA Computer College, represented through its rail Director and heretofore referred to as the School. PURPOSE The purpose of this MOA is to establish an agreement between the Training Institution and the School concerning the design, implementation, and evaluation and monitoring of the OJT Program of the School.This MOA covers all students trainee assigned to undergo a structured program for the development of competencies established by the parties. This agreement seeks to coordinate, facilitate and expedite the implementation of said Program for the exclusive benefit of the parties and the student trainee concerned. DURATION This agreement shall commence on October 9, 2012 and shall provoke on declineember 21, 2012 unless otherwise terminated by agreement of all parties. CONDITIONS In attaining the purposes set from in this Agreement The Training Institution will ordinate the training and development activities with the current industry standards and needs. Provide all resources necessary for the proper development of competencies required. Established appropriate procedures, guidelines and policies for OJT program. Practicum Advisers / Mentors must complete TPO in consultation and agreement with the TIR and the Student Trainee. Student Trainee Perform the task(s) assigned to him/her promptly and satisfactorily. Keep a record of the reporting days activity, problems encountered, solutions offered and/or implemented. Submit nett written report at the end of practicum covering the following areas ? Scope of work / definition of problems ? Objective of the work to be accomplished ? Timetable ? Results and/or accomplishments ? Problems encountered and solutions offered ? plowshare of the work to the cooperating agency ? Conclusions and/or recommendations DOCUMENTARY REQUIREMENTS Endorsement letter addressed to the Training Institution Representative made by the Program Head / Dean indicating the name of the student trainee. Waiver signed by the parents / legal guardian of the student trainee. Letter of the acceptance by the Training Institution Representative. Training Plan Outline drafted by the Practicum Adviser / Mentor, Training Institution Practicum Supervisor and the Student Trainee. Training Record Book duly signed by the Training Institution Practicum Supervisor and to be presented to the Practicum Adviser / Mentor during the weekly consultation. Evaluation of competencies acquired signed by the Training Institution Practicum Supervisor. Certificate of Completion signed by the TIR. backed copy of all documents from 6. 1 6. 7 as the final requirement for the course.PROCEDURES FOR AMMENDMENTS The MOA may be modified by mutual agreement of the appropriate partners. whatsoever s uch modification will be preceded by 30 days written notice to the other party of the intent to modify, alter, and revise this agreement and the purpose of such. The parties acknowledge this to be a provisional document, which may require modification. The parties agree to work in good faith to negotiate any such modification to this agreement. Signed ________________________ ________________________ Signature over Printed work Mr. Rodolfo T. Rosario College DeanPosition _________________ AMA Computer College COMPANY VISION The vision of the AMA Computer College is to become the leader and dominant provider of quality and excellent information technology based and related services in the global market. COMPANY MISSION The global mission of AMA Computer College is to provide a holistic, quality, computer based- education in all level and disciplines with the objective of producing professional and leader responsive to needs of science and international community for the honor and g lory of GOD Almighty. COMPANY HISTORY The year was 1978, Amable R.Aguiluz V. , fourth son and namesake of Amable M. Aguiluz (1913 1977) who was former auditor general during the Macapagal Administration, formed a distributorship in Manila for Computer land. The firm became one of the main distributors of Apple Computer in the Philippines. It became one of the venues by which advancements made in the computer science and technologies were absorbed in the Philippines industrial life. The computer boom originating in Silicon Valley manifested itself in this undertaking. In the Philippines, as in other parts of the world, the trend is towards computerization.However, the object conditions of the national economy are still not very suitable to this modern technology. The distributors motive is therefore to ensure an increasing rate of demand for computers. The formula was simple train programmers for wider distribution base. On October 22, 1980, The Amable M. Aguiluz Institute of Comput er Studies (AMAICS) was established for said purpose. It cannot be denied the Institute was initially conceived to bolster the marketing effort of Computer land. The education component was incidental to the main undertaking of distributorship.AMAICS was housed at the second floor of David building along Shaw Boulevard. Six-apple computer were initially used and eight trainees were taken in for its EDP courses. The courses increased awareness of the application of computer technology in every aspect of human endeavor. The outcome has already ensured a steady demand for computer. However, computer awareness was not enough. What started as part of insistent selling strategy must now be viewed as an independent concern. Why train more programmers when there is a need to lay the foundation for indigenous computer science development?The business venture must take a separate cause. The time to take up education as a separate working agenda has started. Six months after its inception, AMA ICS stared offering the Comprehensive Bachelor of Science in Computer Science Program. In its first semester, the institute has thirteen enrollees. Student population continuously rose from a pioneering batch of 13 students to over 10,000 students by school year 1992 1993. As enrollment increase, its Board of trustees as AMA Computer College renamed AMAICS. These necessitate the expansion of its physical plant.To date in addition to the Makati and Quezon City Campuses, the institution has other campuses in the provinces of Cebu and Davao. In keeping with its global mission, the institution has opened two international in Guam and Bangladesh. The Quezon City campus has its own sport facilities and a computer center, which houses the latest state of the art equipment. The said campus also houses the elementary and high school departments. The outcome has already ensured a steady demand for computer. However, computer awareness was not enough. What started as part of insistent selli ng strategy must now be viewed as an independent concern.Why train more programmers when there is a need to lay the foundation for indigenous computer science development? The business venture must take a separate cause. The time to take up education as a separate working agenda has started. Immediate in the program of action of the institution is the attainment of full university status by the year 1995. Its own sport facilities and a computer center, which houses the latest state of the art equipment. The said campus also houses the elementary and high school departments. Immediate in the program of action of the institution is the attainment of full university status by the year 1995.With the inking of an agreement with the prestigious American League of College and Universities (ALOCU) that has more than 30 affiliate member schools all over the United States, The forward movement continues. AMA Computer College is also an affiliate of the Philippine Computer Society, The Phili ppine Association for Computer College of Arts and Sciences, Philippine Chamber of Commerce and Industry, John F. Kennedy Japan Campus and the US Chamber of Commerce. chance(a) ACTIVITY REPORT Student / Intern Jose Paolo V. Madrazo Company AMA Computer College Fairview Department IT Department Supervisor Jessar G. Medenilla, MCP,MCSA,CCNA DAILY TASK DATE IN OUT No. of Hours bell ringer PCs in research lab Oct 9 100 pm 800 pm 7 hrs. Clone PCs in Laboratory Oct 10 800 am 800 pm 11 hrs. Clone PCs in Laboratory Oct 11 800 am 630pm 9 hrs. 30 mins. Clone PCs in Laboratory Oct 12 830 am 600 pm 8 hrs. 30 mins. Oct 13 800 am 500 pm 8 hrs. prove Linux in Laboratory Install Linux in Laboratory Oct 15 800 am 630 pm 9 hrs. 0mins Install Linux in Laboratory Oct 16 100 am 800 pm 7 hrs. Install Linux in Laboratory Oct 17 800 am 600 pm 9 hrs. Oct 18 800 am 700 pm 10 hrs. School server and Network charge Software and hardware DAILY TASK DATE IN OUT No. f Ho urs School legion and Network alimentation Software and hardwareOct 19 800 am 500 pm 8 hrs. School Server and Network care Software and ironwareOct 20 800 am 1200 pm 4 hrs. School Server and Network Maintenance Software and HardwareOct 22 800 am 800 pm 11 hrs. Clone PCs in Laboratory Oct 23 800 am 800 pm 11 hrs. Clone PCs in Laboratory Oct 24 900 am 600 pm 8 hrs. Clone PCs in Laboratory Oct 25 800 am 500 pm 8 hrs. Install Linux in Laboratory Oct 26 1000 am 600 pm 7 hrs. Install Linux in Laboratory Oct 27 800 am 1200 pm 4 hrs. Install Linux in Laboratory Oct 30 800 am 800 pm 11 hrs. Install Linux in Laboratory Oct 31 900 am 230 pm 4 hrs. 0mins School Server and Network Maintenance Software and HardwareNov 5 800 am 800 pm 11 hrs. School Server and Network Maintenance Software and HardwareNov 6 800 am 800 pm 11 hrs. DAILY TASK DATE IN OUT No. of Hours School Server and Network Maintenance Software and HardwareNov 7 800 am 800 pm 11 hrs. School Server and Netwo rk Maintenance Software and HardwareNov 8 800 am 600 pm 9 hrs. School Server and Network Maintenance Software and HardwareNov 9 1200 pm 600 pm 5 hrs. School Server and Network Maintenance Software and HardwareNov 10 800 am 1200 pm 4 hrs. School Server and Network Maintenance Software and HardwareNov 12 1100 am 800 pm 8 hrs. School Server and Network Maintenance Software and HardwareNov 13 1200 am 800 pm 7 hrs. School Server and Network Maintenance Software and HardwareNov 14 900 am 700 pm 9 hrs. TESDA Tech Support Nov 15 1200 pm 800 pm 7 hrs. TESDA Tech Support Nov 17 800 am 1200 pm 4 hrs. TESDA Tech Support Nov 19 1000 am 800 pm 9 hrs. TESDA Tech Support Nov 20 700 pm 800 pm 9 hrs. TESDA Tech Support Nov 21 1100 pm 800 pm 8 hrs. DAILY TASK DATE IN OUT No. of Hours School Server and Network Maintenance Software and HardwareNov 22 1000 pm 800 pm 9 hrs. School Server and Network Maintenance Software and HardwareNov 23 1000 am 800 pm 9 hrs. School Server and Netwo rk Maintenance Software and HardwareNov 24 800 am 800 pm 11 hrs. School Server and Network Maintenance Software and HardwareNov 26 800 am 800 pm 11 hrs. School Server and Network Maintenance Software and HardwareNov 27 800 am 800 pm 11 hrs. School Server and Network Maintenance Software and HardwareNov 28 800 am 500 pm 8 hrs. School Server and Network Maintenance Software and HardwareNov 29 800 am 700 pm 10 hrs. School Server and Network Maintenance Software and Hardware declination 1 800 am 1200 pm 4 hrs. School Server and Network Maintenance Software and Hardware regrets 3 800 am 700 pm 10 hrs. School Server and Network Maintenance Software and HardwareDec 4 1000 am 800 pm 9 hrs. School Server and Network Maintenance Software and HardwareDec 5 800 am 800 pm 11 hrs. DAILY TASK DATE IN OUT No. of Hours School Server and Network Maintenance Software and HardwareDec 6 1050 am 800 pm 8 hrs. 10mins School Server and Network Maintenance Software and HardwareDec 7 800 am 500 pm 8 hrs. School Server and Network Maintenance Software and HardwareDec 8 800 am 1200 pm 4 hrs. School Server and Network Maintenance Software and HardwareDec 10 800 am 600 pm 9 hrs. School Server and Network Maintenance Software and HardwareDec 11 1100 am 800 pm 8 hrs. School Server and Network Maintenance Software and HardwareDec 12 1100 am 800 pm 8 hrs. School Server and Network Maintenance Software and HardwareDec 13 1100 am 800 pm 8 hrs. School Server and Network Maintenance Software and HardwareDec 14 800 am 600 pm 9 hrs. School Server and Network Maintenance Software and HardwareDec 15 800 am 1200 pm 4hrs. School Server and Network Maintenance Software and HardwareDec 17 800am 500pm 8hrs. School Server and Network Maintenance Software and HardwareDec 18 800am 700pm 10hrs Clone PCs in Laboratory Dec 19 800am 1200pm 4hrs. Clone PCs in Laboratory Dec 20 800am 500pm 8hrs. Clone PCs in LaboratorySchool Server and Network MaintenanceDec 21 1100am 800pm . 8hrs. Software and Hardware School Server and Network Maintenance Software and HardwareDec 26 200pm 300pm 1hr. Total No. of Hours 487 hours authorise by_________________________ Signature over Printed NamePosition_________________________ Date________________________ TRAINING PLAN OUTLINE Place of Training Bristol St. corner Regalado Ave. , Fairview Quezon City, Philippines Duration of Training & Proposed Date October 8, 2012 Decmber 21, 2012 Days & Time Flexible Schedule No.Of Hours to Finish 486 hours Field of Training Information Technology Department Title AMACC Intern 1. Over all Program Objective The purpose of the program is to familiarize the student trainee with the details of working in an actual workplace and acquire the required skills. . Explain Why On-the-Job Training is necessary On-the-Job Training is necessary to enable the student to have an idea what is the real background in a professional environment. 3. Describe what specific skills and knowledge the trainee will acquire during the training program, how they will be taught Various IT responsibilities in a school establishment such as Windows OS, MS Office, Linux, Oracle Installation and maintenance. Hardware troubleshooting and installation. Network and System Administrating such as cabling and server maintenance. 4.Indicates the areas in which the trainee will receive instruction conjunction with the specific task and responsibilities to be assigned to the trainee in each department AMA Computer College Fairview 5. method of Evaluation and Certification On-the-Job Training Evaluation Sheet ON-THE-JOB EVALUATION SHEET PART I. (To be filled up by the students) Name Jose Paolo V. Madrazo Course Bachelor of Science in information Technology Year 2012 SchoolAMA Computer College Fairview Company AMA Computer College Fairview Period Covered (Inclusive Dates) October 8, 2012 Decmber 21, 2012 PART II. To be filled up by a representative where the student is deployed) Please check the box coresponding to your rating of the trainee. Rating is as follows 1 Outstanding 3 Average 2 Above Average4 Below Average A. ABILITY TO LEARN 4 3 2 1 1. Absorbs instructions easily. 2. Learn new skill fast. 3. Performs under minimum supervision. B. SKILLS / POTENTIAL 4 3 2 1 1. Knowledgeable in basic assigned task. 2. Creative and resourceful Find a way to get things done. 3. Manages time effectively and productively. 4.Meets output standards. 5. Delivers output on time. C. DISCIPLINE AND WORK ATTITUDE 4 3 2 1 1. Shows positive disposition towards work and people. 2. Follows company rules and regulations diligently. 3. Willing to do extra work and extra time to finish given task. 4. Accepts suggestions for improvement objectively. 5. Positve and respectful towards superior and peers. 6. infix in and contributes to team activities and goals. D. ATTENDANCE 4 3 2 1 1. Reports regularly and on time. 2. Notifies superior of change in schedule r absences in case o f emergency. Recommendations/Comments Rated by (Signature over printed name) Position Date DAILY TIME RECORD Practicumer Ronald Allan N. Umali CompanyAMA Computer College Fairview Campus DATE IN OUT No. of Hours Oct 9 100 pm 800 pm 7 hrs. Oct 10 800 am 800 pm 11 hrs. Oct 11 800 am 630pm 9 hrs. 30 mins. Oct 12 830 am 600 pm 8 hrs. 30 mins. Oct 13 800 am 500 pm 8 hrs. Oct 15 800 am 630 pm 9 hrs. 30mins Oct 16 100 am 800 pm 7 hrs. Oct 17 800 am 600 pm 9 hrs. Oct 18 800 am 700 pm 10 hrs. Oct 19 800 am 500 pm 8 hrs. Oct 20 800 am 1200 pm 4 hrs. Oct 22 800 am 800 pm 11 hrs. Oct 23 800 am 800 pm 11 hrs. Oct 24 900 am 600 pm 8 hrs. Oct 25 800 am 500 pm 8 hrs. Oct 26 1000 am 600 pm 7 hrs. Oct 27 800 am 1200 pm 4 hrs. Oct 30 800 am 800 pm 11 hrs. Oct 31 900 am 230 pm 4 hrs. 30mins Nov 5 800 am 800 pm 11 hrs. Nov 6 800 am 800 pm 11 hrs. Nov 7 800 am 800 pm 11 hrs. Nov 8 800 am 600 pm 9 hrs. Nov 9 1200 pm 600 pm 5 hrs. Nov 10 800 am 1200 pm 4 hrs. Nov 12 1100 am 8 00 pm 8 hrs. Nov 13 1200 am 800 pm 7 hrs. Nov 14 900 am 700 pm 9 hrs. Nov 15 1200 pm 800 pm 7 hrs. Nov 17 800 am 1200 pm 4 hrs. Nov 19 1000 am 800 pm 9 hrs. Nov 20 700 pm 800 pm 9 hrs. Nov 21 1100 pm 800 pm 8 hrs. Nov 22 1000 pm 800 pm 9 hrs. Nov 23 1000 am 800 pm 9 hrs. Nov 24 800 am 800 pm 11 hrs. Nov 26 800 am 800 pm 11 hrs. Nov 27 800 am 800 pm 11 hrs. Nov 28 800 am 500 pm 8 hrs. Nov 29 800 am 700 pm 10 hrs. Dec 1 800 am 1200 pm 4 hrs. Dec 3 800 am 700 pm 10 hrs. Dec 4 1000 am 800 pm 9 hrs. Dec 5 800 am 800 pm 11 hrs. Dec 6 1050 am 800 pm 8 hrs. 10mins Dec 7 800 am 500 pm 8 hrs. Dec 8 800 am 1200 pm 4 hrs. Dec 10 800 am 600 pm 9 hrs. Dec 11 1100 am 800 pm 8 hrs. Dec 12 1100 am 800 pm 8 hrs. Dec 13 1100 am 800 pm 8 hrs. Dec 14 800 am 600 pm 9 hrs. Dec 15 800 am 1200 pm 4hrs. Dec 17 800 am 500pm 8hrs. Dec 18 800 am 700pm 10hrs Dec 19 800 am 1200pm 4hrs Dec 20 1100am 800pm 8hrs Dec 21 200pm 300pm 8hrs.. Total No. of Hours Approved by______________________ ___ Signature over Printed Name Position_________________________ Date_________________________ CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION December 21, 2012 C E R T I F I C A T I O N This is to certify that, Mr. Jose Paolo V Madrazo from AMA Computer College Fairview Campus has completed 486 hours of his On The Job Training at the AMA Computer College FAIRVIEW campus IT Department, AMA Bldg.The Training, based on its objectives, uplifted his knowledge in Computer Hardware Troubleshooting, System Analysis, Hard Disk Management, Preventive Maintenance, Local Area Networking, HUB/ dislodge Setup, Structured Cabling, Configuration of Group Policy Editor (Windows 98, 2000, XP Professional), Anti-Virus Configuration, Field Servicing and exposed them to the latest computer trends and technology. This certification is being issued for whatever legal purpose it may serve. Jessar G. Medenilla, MCP,MCSA,CCNA Network Supervisor AMACC IT Department PICTORIALS

Ratio Analysis on Literature of Review Essay

I also declare that I contract d maven my exercise sincerely and accurately even then if any mistake or error had kept in it, I request the readers to point out these errors and guide me to remove these errors in future. Presentation Incharge Signature of the Candidate Practical work experience is the integral part of individual learning. An individual who is learning managerial concepts has to undergo this practical experience for being a future executive.It is the result of various factors. Primarily because of rising cultivations of BT. cotton (Bacillus thuringnsis) and reduce the farmers input costs, while the yield as well as quality are substantially much big compared to traditional varieties. In view of this development, the cotton cultivation acreage has been steadily going up in India. The farmers have become more knowledgeable to take on scientific methods to cultivate high yielding long staple cotton varieties.Besides individual mills are also simultaneously taking g o to improve the cotton production along with Technology Mission on cotton (TCM), the cotton development research connexions of organizations (CITI), South Indian Textiles Mills Association (SIMA) and Kerala State Textile Corporation (KSTC). The resultant factor is quality and quantity of raw material supply has substantially improved in the country. Due to globalisation of our economy, the conscious of quality inputs and pricing have become competitive to the international standards and prices.Supply of quality raw material availability sources of raw material from major cotton exporting countries. Every organization is a deliberate and planned Endeavour of people whose common goal can be achieved through affix of targets and goal by individual members in it. No organization can survive for long unless it takes care of prudent utilization of resources particularly human resources. In brief, good business is generally the result of good organization which can emerge only if it consists of good people who work together as a team. The textile persistence occupies a unique place in our country.One of the earliest to come into existence in India, it accounts for 14 per cent of the total industrial production, contributes to nearly 30 per cent of the total exports and is the second largest employment generator after agriculture. The Indian textile industry is one of the largest in the world with a massive raw material and textile-manufacturing base. Indian economy is largely dependent on the textile manufacturing and trade in addition to other major industries close to 27 per cent of the exchange earning are on account of export of textiles and clothing alone.In India organized textile mill sector has increased from 1787 in 2003-04 to 1789 in 2004-05. During the twelvemonth 2003-04 the production of yarn was 3051. 07 million kg and it had increased to 3220. 59 million kg in 2004-05. The number of workers worked in textiles mills during the year 9, 18,000. I ndia has the second-largest yarn-spinning capacity in the world (after China), accounting for roughly 20 percent of the worlds spindle capacity. Indias spinning segment is moderately modernized approximately 35 to 40 percent of Indias spindles are less than 10 years old.During 1989-98, India was the leading buyer of spinning machinery, accounting 2003-04 was 9,28,000 and it have decreased during the year 2004-05 was for 28 per cent of world shipments. Indias production of spun yarn is accounted for almost entirely by the organized mill sector, which includes 285 large. Man-made fibers, woollen and silk segment grew by modest 4. 5 per cent per annum during the 5-year period 2000-01 to 2005-06. During the first year of quota-free global trade, production increased leaps and bounds. Textiles production increased 10 per cent over 2004.The growth was fuelled by a 22 per cent rise in production of other textiles (including apparels). Cotton textile also posted an increase of nine percent . In the last six years, an estimated US$ 6. 7 billion has been invested in the textiles sector, aided by the Technology Up gradation Fund (TUF) intrigue. The TUF scheme expires in March following year (2007) and the quotas on China will be lifted in 2008. Hence, companies will continue to add capacities over the next year. Also, according to CRISIL, the sector is likely to rise over US$ 3. 5 billion from the capital markets in the next few years.The cotton textile industry, one of the oldest and major consumer industries in India, has assumed national importance by virtue of size, investment, output and employment. The industry produces a wide range of fabrics to suit specific ineluctably of consumers. Further, the cotton textile industry occupies a pre eminent place in the Indian economy by contributing a major share and to the countries industrial production and providing cloth to its millions. The industry also serves by providing direct employment to 60, 00,000 workers in se veral of its related activities. India is one of the largest textile producing countries in the world.The share of the industry in the export basket of India is around 20%. However, textile industry is vast developing sector and when the competitions are exorbitant especially in its forge and quality we have to adopt modern technology management, machine so as to complete with other countries in the international market.

Elements of Effective Layout by Dorothy Cohen Essay

Marketing, a strategy to attract a persons financial aid to a visual element, is part of at presents commercially based economy. In Dorothy Cohens Elements of Effective Layout, the author illustrates her principle argument through means of persuasion focuses on how a stipulation layout can indeed attract attention and how the dominant requisites of an effective marketing layout atomic number 18, in fact, balance, movement, proportion, simplicity and clarity, hotshot and emphasis. Within the text, a segment focusing on unity and how it is an important element of attracting attention, Cohen argues A b fellowship surrounding an ad provides a method of achieving unity.Sets of b articulates may occur within an ad, and, when they are similar in thickness and tone they provide a sense of unity. Here, the author debates about how the written requisites of attraction in advertising are crucial in order to spark interest to a viewer. This process is best defined when describing the unit y requisite of bright layout by Cohen when she describes the similarities in thickness and tone providing a beardown(prenominal) sense of unity. The author begins by describing the balance requisite and how an advertisement can rely on how visual weight is distri notwithstandinged within its landscape.In this setoff section of the article mathematical terms are used to illicit a sense of visual and spatial concepts, for example the fulcrum or balancing point. In a secondary section, proportion is emphasized in regards to aesthetic layout in a graphic representation to best describe the size of an element in regards to the rest of the image/picture/advertisement. More specifically, it is demonstrated that non-proportional images use the proportion of a layout to fortify a particular theme or underlying message.In a third section, the movement aspect of graphic layout is explained as a sequence which enables directional flow in order to direct the interpreter into a coherent and co hesive manner. Typically via, either, gaze motion or structural motion which can differ from one individual to another. The fourth requisite of graphic layout is unity, this element being an important aspect of interpretation, is how Cohen identifies the combination of all aesthetic, structural and visual aspects of the image form a whole in order to vaunt the intended message.This being the accumulation of the graphic representation as a whole is dominantly the main aspect when summing up the advertisement in its entirety. Particular attention is paid to form and the use of white space in order to bring out all aspects rendering a thorough representation of a particular theme or idea. Also, another section pertains to the clarity and simplicity, which tells us about how the message will generally be interpreted and what will be the outcome of such(prenominal) a message when displayed.Lastly, Cohen discusses emphasis in order to best identify how the most important element is empha sized in order to strengthen the intended point behind the advertisement. Although the information provided within this text is accurate, the segment concerning unity and how the border of a graphic layout achieves a sense of unity by adding a boundary is capture for the particular topic, but has a fallacy that of hasty generalization. For some, such boundaries help strengthen the images unity, but others may simply see such boundaries as limits or borders.This generalization is also hasty, because the thickness can identify the unity of the advertisement, but can also identify the particular look or style the creator is attempting to illustrate. The information within this passage is certainly accurate, but is not final. In my response, the provided information regarding graphic layout may be illegitimate, because I am not studying marketing, but as an individual or interpreter of an advertisement I know that borders that are similar in tone and thickness do help unify the image, but dont make the graphic layout limitless or one-sided.As an interpreter, I can justly see such borders as a means to create boundaries keeping the strengths of the image concealed within a structure environment as opposed to a united one. This article helps illustrate the fundamentals behind graphic layout and advertisement in contemporary marketing strategies. Cohen reveals such concepts in an essay on unfairness about trade regulating rules where advertising takes a whole new approach towards legality of advertising and appropriate demonstrations of graphic layout (Cohen, 1982).

Chem Sba 1

Name Derell Ruan Form 4B1 SBA Chemistry Aim To determine which gas, Ammonia or hydrogen chloride defuses faster. Hypothesis Ammonia will defuse faster than hydrogen chloride. Materials Equipment Chemicals * 2 retort clamp and stand Ammonia * 1 ? m glass electron tube * 2 250cm3 beakers * Cotton Wool * Stop clock * standard rule * Tweezers * 2 Rubber bum Method The equipment was collected. * The glass tube was placed between the two clamps ensuring that it was leveled. * A small amount of hydrochloric acid was poured into the beaker. * The cotton wool was placed at one end of the glass tube using tweezers. Seal it off with a rubber bum. * Repeating steps 3-5 simultaneously. * The hinder clock was started, keeping record of clipping taken to the white cloud to form. * The meter rule was used to measure the distance of the white cloud from apiece end of the tube. ResultsChemical Distance Time ( in sec) Rate of Diffusion Molecular weight Ammonia 90 285 0. 315 17. 03 Hydrochlori c acid 60 285 0. 210 36. 46 Interpretation of results The heading of the glass tube is to eliminate air currents and to let the gas molecules will move on their own. The gas molecules follow a path through the tube as they collide with the air molecules in the tube. Ammonia will diffuses faster because it has a faster rate of diffusion and it is almost twice a scant(p) as Hydrochloric acid.A cloud like figure should show up when the gases collide. Conclusion The reaction which is taking place is ammonia + hydrogen chloride ammonium chloride NH3(g) + HCl (g) NH4Cl (s) The exact time taken for the cloud to form depended on the dimensions of the tube, and the amount of the solutions which are put on the cotton wool. The cloud formed nearer to the hydrochloric acid end of the tube because ammonia diffuses faster than hydrochloric acid.This is because hydrogen chloride has almost twice the molecular weight of ammonia, and the rate of diffusion is inversely proportional to the square root of the molecular business deal of the gas. The hypothesis was correct and is proven by the results of the experiment and what was interpreted was also proven by the results of the experiment. Limitations The experiment could not have been conducted several times modify the results to be more accurate, because of the high risk that it could have done to the human body.

A Study Of Electrical Power Systems Environmental Sciences Essay

Electrical index number systems include a generating system, a contagion and dispersion system and tonss. Transmission and diffusion system is an of import connecting nexus between the majority spring bring forthing Stationss and the importation lopes. The coevals industrial plants be usually located in contributeographic manoeuvre where the resources atomic number 18 available to bring forth power economically. The recent tendency in power system pattern is to turn up the coevals workss forth from the to a great extent populated countries. The power is so transmitted to the burden by transmittal nisuss and distribution webs.Transmission is do of a eminent electromotive describe web, by and large 110 765 kilovolt Ac. The higher the electromotive coerce degree of a transmittal line, the small-scaleer is the transmittal power loss. However, the electromotive promote jump for the transmittal line electromotive furiousnesss are set by insularity and protective d evices.The standard transmittal line electromotive pull backs depend upon the call forth and they are 765, 550, 500, cd, 345, 275, 230, 169, 145, 132, 110, 66, 33 kilovolt. The electromotive takefulnesss in the scope of 345 765 kilovolts are classified as excess high electromotive attract ( EHV ) . The electromotive forces preceding(prenominal) 765 kilovolts are considered as extremist high electromotive forces ( UHV ) . Presently, the UHV systems, at 1000- , 1500- , 2250- kilovolt electromotive force degrees are in inquiry phase. Point to indicate transmittal is, around clip, preferred by HVDC. The electromotive force degrees use for HVDC power transmittal are 250 kilovolt, 400 kilovolt, 500 kilovolt and 550 kilovolt. nobleer District of Columbia electromotive forces are being planned.National Grid Malaysia is the chief voltaicity transmittal web associating the electric caral energy coevals, transmittal, distribution and ingestion in Malaysia. It is ope cropd and own ed by Tenaga Nasional Berhad ( TNB ) . The transmittal line electromotive forces for Malaysia are take the fielding at 132kV, 275kV and 500kV.Other than grid system, Malaysia in addition has a High potential condition Current Transmission line where the 300 MW Thailand Malaysia HVDC interconnectedness system consists of Khlong Ngae convertor station on the Thai boundary line and Gurun convertor station on the Malaysia boundary line. Both Stationss are linked by a 300 KV DC overhead transmittal line of 110 kilometer. EGAT s Khlong Ngae convertor station is situated at Sadao territory in S unwraphern Songkhla state, about 24 km.from Thai-Malaysia boundary line. TNB s Gurun convertor station is located in Kedah, approximately 86 kilometers. from Malaysia s northern boundary line. Malaysia pass on purchase electricity during the twenty-four hours clip for our commercial use which is Malaysia s Peak use and Thailand will purchase during the yettide boulder clay tardily dark wher e their use is at the extremum.History of UseIn the early yearss of commercial usage of electric power, transmittal of electric power at the same electromotive force as used by illuming and mechanical tonss restricted the distance between bring forthing works and consumers. Originally coevals was with direct current, which could non easy be increase in electromotive force for long-distance transmittal. Different categories of tonss, for illustration, illuming, fixed motors and grip ( railroad ) systems, required diverse electromotive forces and so used different generators and circuits.The alleged cosmopolitan system used transformers both to cardinalsome generators to high-potential transmittal lines, and to link transmittal to local distribution circuits. By a suited pick of public-service corporation oftenness, both illuming and motor tonss could be served. Rotary convertors and subsequently mercury-arc valves and other rectifier equipment allowed DC burden to be served by l ocal transition where needed. Even bring forthing Stationss and tonss utilizing different frequences could anyways be interconnected utilizing rotary convertors. By utilizing common bring forthing workss for every type of burden, of import economic systems of graduated table were achieved, lower overall swell investing was required, load f bringor on each works was increased leting for higher efficiency, leting for a lower cost of energy to the consumer and increased overall usage of electric power.By leting multiple bring forthing workss to be interconnected over a blanket(a) country, electricity production cost was reduced. The most efficient available workss could be used to provide the varying loads during the twenty-four hours. Reliability was improved and capital investing cost was reduced, since stand-by bring forthing capacity could be shared over many much clients and a wider geographic country. Remote and low-priced beginnings of energy, such as hydroelectric power or mine-mouth coal, could be exploited to take round energy production cost.The prototypic transmittal of three-phase jumping current utilizing high electromotive force took topographic point in 1891 during the international electricity exhibition in Frankfurt. A 25 kilovolt transmittal line, about 175 kilometers long, connected Lauffen on the Neckar and Frankfurt.Voltages used for electric power transmittal increased by dint ofout the twentieth century. By 1914 55 transmittal systems runing at more than 70,000 V were in service, the highest electromotive force so used was 150,000 Vs. The root three-phase jumping current power transmittal at 110 kilovolts took topographic point in 1912 between Lauchhammer and Riesa, Germany. On April 17, 1929 the first 220 kilovolt line in Germany was completed, running from Brauweiler near Cologne, over Kelsterbach near Frankfurt, Rheinau near Mannheim, Ludwigsburg-Hoheneck near Austria. The masts of this line were designed for eventual ascent to 380 kilovolt. However the first transmittal at 380 kilovolt in Germany was on October 5, 1957 between the substations in Rommerskirchen and Ludwigsburg-Hoheneck. In 1967 the first extra-high-voltage transmittal at 735 kilovolts took topographic point on a Hydro-Quebec transmittal line. In 1982 the first transmittal at 1200 kilovolt was in the Soviet Union.The rapid industrialisation in the twentieth century made galvanising transmittal lines and grids a critical portion of the economic substructure in most industrialised states. Interconnection of local coevals workss and little distribution webs was greatly spurred by the demands of World War I, where big electrical generating workss were built by authoritiess to supply power to weaponries mills subsequently these workss were connected to provide civil burden through long-distance transmittal.Small municipal electrical public-service corporations did non need replete(p)y want to cut down the cost of each unit of electricity sold to some extent, particularly during the period 1880-1890, electrical lighting was considered a luxury merchandise and electric power was non substituted for steam power. Engineers such as Samuel Insull in the United States and Sebastian Z. De Ferranti in the United Kingdom were instrumental in get the cleanse ofing proficient, economic, regulative and political troubles in development of long-distance electric power transmittal. By unveiling of electric power transmittal webs, in the metropolis of London the cost of a kilowatt hr was reduced to tierce in a ten-year period.In 1926 electrical webs in the United Kingdom began to be interconnected in the National Grid, ab initio runing at 132,000 Vs.Hazard Posed by High Voltage world power originsElectrical jeopardiesThe hovering electric and magnetised Fieldss in electromagnetic radiation will bring on an electric current in any medicine director through which it passes. Strong radiation thr ace bring on current capable of prese nting an electric daze to individuals or animate beings. It apprize besides overload and destruct electrical equipment.3.1.1 Electrocution Hazards Working Near Overhead Power LinesMost overhead power lines are n ot insulated.Activities conducted near overhead powerlines such as threading communicating wiring raising antenna masts mounting in trees and onto edifices and utilizing portable metal ladder presents a existent danger send word jeopardiesHighly high power electromagnetic radiation sack do electric currents strong plenty to make flickers when an induced electromotive force exceeds the breakdown electromotive force of the environing medium. These flickers can so light flammable stuffs or gases, perchance taking to an detonation. This can be a peculiar jeopardy in the locality of explosives or pyrotechnics, since an electrical overload might light them. This hazard is normally referred to as RadHaz or HERO ( Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance ) .Biological j eopardiesThe best dumb biological publication of electromagnetic Fieldss is to do dielectric warming. For illustration, touching an aerial while a sender is in operation can do pixilated Burnss.This warming consequence varies with the frequence of the electromagnetic energy. The eyes are peculiarly vulnerable to RF energy in the microwave scope, and prolonged exposure to microwaves can take to cataracts. Each frequence in the electromagnetic spectrum is absorbed by populating tissue at a different rate, called the specific soaking up rate or SAR, which has units of Watts per kg ( W/kg ) . The IEEE and many national authoritiess fork out established safety bounds for exposure to assorted frequences of electromagnetic energy put together on SAR. in that location are publications which support the being of complex biological effects of weaker non-thermal electromagnetic Fieldss, including weak ELF magnetic Fieldss and modulated RF and atom-bomb Fieldss. Cardinal mechanisms of th e interaction between biological stuff and electromagnetic Fieldss at non-thermal degrees are non to the full understood..Environmental effects from transmittal lines can be found merely near to the line. Biological effects from electrical and magnetic Fieldss around the line deplete been intensively discussed during the last twosome of old ages.3.4 health Effectss received research surveies press out fringy forbidding health effects on human existences. Other surveies do non corroborate these effects.3.5 Pollutant aerosols under high Voltage Power LinesA probe of theoretically and by experimentation conducted at H.H Wills Physics Laboratory University of Bristol to measure the increased exposure to airborne pollutants near power lines. Harmonizing to Fews ( 1999 ) , exposures were carried out at different power line location in assorted conditions conditions and the exposure are interpreted along a line at a right angles up to 200m from a figure of high electromotive force pow er transmittal line. The consequence of the theoretical account predicts a two of three faithful addition in deposition of aerosols on spherical surfaces miming the human caput under high electromotive force lines. This status applies when pesticides or other chemical are sprayed below the power line, the aerosols conditions will formed and do more risky conditions.3.6 VehiclesAs referred to Bonneville Power Portland, vehicles parked under some high electromotive forces lines, vehicles can be roll up an induced electromotive force if the vehicle is parked on a nonconducting surface such as asphalt or juiceless(prenominal) lock. It will make flickers or worst electricity in your auto as it is non grounded. A individual will be electrocuted, when he or she is used as a medical specialty director to anchor the electromotive force induced.3. 7 LightningLightning will normally strike the highest nearby object, which might be a power line tower or wire. Transmission facilitates are des igned to defy lightning work verifications by imparting them to land at the tower.Death can evanesce as a individual s organic structure provides a way for current flow doing tissue harm and bosom failure. Other hurts can include Burnss from the discharge generated by the inadvertent contact. These can be particularly unsafe if the victims air passages are affected. Injuries may besides be suffered as a consequence of the physical forces exerted as stack may fall from tallness or be thrown appreciable distance.3.8 Tall objectsTall object such as trees and routine flora at high electromotive force lines is risky at 2 facets. First is the semen in contact with the a transmittal line will take to closing down that line and upset the flow of electricity. Second trees and flora can carry on electricity, a state of affairs that can endanger people around the country, animate beings and belongings. The trees can basically go electrified and injured people touches it and might wound or even kill the individual.Electricity can even leap or curve from the transmittal line up to 15 pess off between the power lines and flora. For this function a 25 pess safety zone is implemented by Bonneville Power ( 2008 ) utilizing the article Keeping the manner clear for safe and dependable service Malaysia as equator and tropical conditions is full of Vegetation and trees in the surrounding of the transmittal lines. Therefore this is really risky in the Malaysia evidences.3.9 TrespassingTrespassing and hooliganism have been one of the chief issues in Malaysia where 1000000s of ringgit needed to re seat and mend the amendss cause by unwanted activities mentioned. Steel beam and other parts of the tower and transmittal lines were taken down by larceny has been a really alarming.3.10 Pools /WaterPools or pools should be situated near or under the transmittal line because it impedes the workers abilities to run and keep the power lines and presents a contingent safety jeopardies t o the populace. The jeopardy scope from possible electrical contact with the iwres to dangers that can be brushs during and after lightning work stoppage on transmittal installations. These conditions could be seen at the transmittal lines across paddy Fieldss at the province of KEDAH.Reason why High Voltage Power Line is Still UseMost of the high electromotive force power line usage overhead lines, but the power distribution indoors the metropolis or crowded topographic points is done utilizing undercover overseas telegrams. Less than one per centum of the entire transmittal lines are placed underground. Although belowground ac transmittal would show a solution to the environmental and aesthetic jobs involved in overhead lines, there are proficient and economical grounds that make the usage of belowground Ac transmittal prohibitive. For low electromotive force distribution applications there are no proficient jobs in utilizing overseas telegrams. The aesthetic and safety demands override the economical considerations in most of the distribution systems and therefore the belowground overseas telegrams are constantly used.High electromotive force power line building is much less expensive than belowground transmittal. Bare wires are used in overhead lines with insularity employed at the points that the wire is supported. Wood or galvanized steel towers are used to back up the music directors. The dielectrics at the music director support points are normally ball and socket porcelain or fiberglass rods covered with skirts made of a compound similar to silicon gum elastic. Lines are good protected against lightning with lightning arresters and shield wires. Bundled music directors are used for 230 kilovolts and above to cut down line reactance and corona effects. There is a trade off between the line losingss and the cost of building the line. Lowering the I2R losingss normally means larger music directors at higher electromotive force operation. This increases the cost of music directors and back uping tower cost. Therefore, the decrease in line loss must be carefully weighed against increased cost.Underground lines are most normally used to feed urban substations in high burden denseness countries. The highest belowground transmittal line electromotive force is 525 kilovolt. Since the cost of an belowground line is 9 to 15 times the cost of an overhead line they are installed merely when they offer a clear wages or there is no option.The grounds for the high cost areEHV insularity is expensive.The overseas telegrams must be installed in pipes made of steel or bronze which is dearly-won.Proper chilling with oil circulation is required.Difficult to turn up the mistake and expensive to mend.The overseas telegrams are constructed with oil impregnated paper insularity in many beds. The overseas telegram has a coiling metal wire lesion around the exterior of the insularity to forestall harm to the overseas telegrams while puting. The full ov erseas telegram is covered with a thin lead sheath that keeps the oil impregnation in the insularity. After the overseas telegram is installed, the pipe is make full with oil. The oil is pumped through the pipe to chill every bit good as insulate the overseas telegram. The oil circulation system includes pumps, filters and oil panoplied combat vehicles. Sulpher hexaflouride ( SF6 ) is some times used to insulate belowground transmittal overseas telegrams. The popularity of SF6 is increasing because of its simpleness. The belowground transmittal lines are more dependable if flop installed.Adverse consequence that high electromotive force on homo, animate beings, and environmentConsequence on HumanThe preponderance of grounds shows that the low power low frequence electromagnetic radiation associated with family current is really safe, and no biophysical theories for the induction or publicity of malignant neoplastic disease have been substantiated, some research has implicated exp osure in a figure of inauspicious wellness effects. These include, but are non limited to, childhood leukemia ( mentions at a lower place ) , grownup leukemia, and neurodegenerative diseases.5.1.2. Leukaemia and malignant neoplastic diseaseHarmonizing to a case-control lot conducted in United Kingdom peculiarly in England and Wales, there is an association between childhood leukemia and propinquity of place reference at birth to high electromotive force power lines and the evident hazard extends to greater distance than would hold been expected. About 4 % of kids in England and Wales live within 600meter of high electromotive force lines at birth. If the association is causal, approximately 1 % of childhood leukemia in England and Wales would be properties to these lines though this estimation has considerable statistical uncertainness.A United Kingdom survey of 29,000 instances of childhood malignant neoplastic disease, including 9700 instances of leukemia, found a rise hazard of childhood leukemia in kids who lived within 200m of high electromotive force lines at birth compared with those who lived beyond 600m. There was besides a rebuff increased hazard for those populating 200-600m from the lines at birth as this foster than can readily be explained by magnetic Fieldss it may be due to other aetiological factors associated with power line.Harmonizing to Dr. Paul Vailleneuve of the University of Ottawa finds in survey published in February 2002 that those who were exposed to a moderate 6mG of magnetic Fieldss increased by a factor of 12 their odds of developing an agressive encephalon neoplasm know as glioblastoma multiforme. The Nipponese National Institute for Environmental Studies and the National Cancer Center, in midterm analysis of a joint three-year field of operations undertaking, have concluded kids who are frequently exposed to such electromagnetic sorrowful continues, emitted from high-potential power lines and some family contraptions, are on norm more than twice as likely to acquire leukemia than those who are non exposed to emf.These researches shows an indicant there are hazard involved wellness of the public peculiarly people populating nigh High Voltage Power Lines. The authorities and the govern organic structure should take these status earnestly as it involves human life and besides agonies.5.1.3 Effect of magnetic field toward melatonin ( Sleeping upset )Harmonizing to Maisch, Podd and Rapley ( 2002 ) , the research has found changeless exposure of magnetic field to single will do kiping disorder.One possible manner a magnetic field could tinct slumber is by meetinging the production of melatonin, a endocrine produced by pineal secretory organ. The pineal secretory organ is the major control secretory organ over this rhythm, with melatonin production controlled by signals from postganglionic sympathetic fibers ( nerve cells ) connected to the hormone-producing cell of the pineal gland.The judgment of dis missal rate of the endocrine bring forthing varies from daytime and dark. Melatonin is known for its kiping heightening belongingss to guarantee homo would hold a dormant continuance at dark. Harmonizing to Melatonin Hypothesis doorknocker Cancer and Use of Electrical Power ( 1997 ) , electromagnetic spectrum peculiarly seeable scope suppresses melatonin synthesis in the pineal secretory organ of all craniates including great(p) male. Dr Scott Davis of Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center found the higher magnetic field degrees at dark were associated with significantly lower melatonin degrees. Therefore, the researches had come to a conclusive finis that low frequence Fieldss will make dormant perturbation.5.1.4 Effect on Pregnant adult females and babiesThe high electromotive force power lines besides give consequence to the pregnant adult females and her babies. For an illustration a survey by Dr. De-Kun Li ( January 2002 ) shows that, a treble addition in overall self-gener ated abortions and a multiple addition in self-generated abortions happening to begin with the tenth hebdomad of gestation is associated with even fleeting exposure to magnetic Fieldss greater than 16 milligram. alike(p) consequences were found in a separate paper on self-generated abortions prepared for the undertaking by G. M. Lee which is printed in the same issue. Harmonizing to a tidings study in New Scientist of January 10, 2002, Li s consequences caused a California Health Services section scientist, Raymond Neutra, to review his 1991 survey of 727 adult females. Originally, his group s survey had measured mean magnetic field exposures and with inconclusive consequences. However, when Neutra late reanalyzed the information from his earlier survey, he discovered the consequences were similar to Li s. Womans exposed to top out magnetic field degrees greater than 14 milligrams doubled their hazard of abortion over those who had no such exposure.Consequence on the Environment High Voltage Power Lines Power lines deliver electricity ( normally at 50 or 60 Hz ) and may cross 100s of kilometers. Degrees of electromagnetic Fieldss ( EMF ) from human-made beginnings have increased steadily over the aside 50-100 old ages. Most EMF exposures come from increased usage of electricity and in the buff engineerings. In the past decennaries, possible inauspicious effects from EMF exposure on human wellness have been an of import subject of research. However, small has been published about the impact of EMF on the natural terrestrial and aquatic environment.The World Health Organization ( WHO ) is turn toing this issue through the International EMF pop the question. One of the Project s aims is to supply advice to national governments and others on EMF wellness and environmental effects and protective steps or actions if needed.This information sheet summarizes the current scientific apprehension on the effects of exposure to EMF Fieldss on the life environment, ac ross the electromagnetic spectrum in the frequence scope 0-300 GHz. This scope covers all frequences that are emitted into the environment through usage of EMF engineering. Recommendations are besides given for farther research to make full spreads in cognition needed to better buttocks EMF environmental impacts.Awareness of any environmental impacts of EMF is of import to guarantee the saving of tellurian and marine ecosystems, which form the footing for sustainable development. Protection of the environment and preservation of nature have become affairs of great liaison to the populace, every bit good as to authoritiess. Such involvement is frequently expressed as concern over possible environmental impacts of big engineering undertakings, such as dikes, atomic power workss, and radiofrequency senders. Several undertakings have been capable to public force per unit areas on environmental evidences, with EMF being one but non needfully the lone issue. For illustration, a proposed high frequence ( HF ) wireless sender for the Voice of America in Israel, which would hold been the universe s largest wireless station, was blocked from building on environmental evidences, in portion related to concerns about possible effects of wireless frequence Fieldss on migrating birds.Public concern about environmental exposure to EMF has ranged from claims of rock-bottom milk production in cattles croping under power lines to damage to trees nigh high power radio detection and rangings. Such concerns might besides impact the development of new engineering several programs have been proposed since the late sixtiess for bring forthing electric power in infinite by revolving arrays of solar panels. Large sums of electricity generated by such solar power orbiters would be transmitted to ample aerials on the land. In add-on to get the better ofing proficient troubles, this and other new engineerings would hold to derive public credence.Consequence on the AnimalsMost surveies of EMF effects in animate beings have been conducted to look into possible inauspicious wellness effects in worlds. These are normally performed on standard research lab animate beings used in toxicological surveies, e.g. rats and mice, but some surveies have besides included other species such as like short-living flies for the probe of genotoxic effects. The topic of this information sheet, nevertheless, is whether Voltage can hold harmful impacts on species of wild and domestic animate beings. Under consideration areSpeciess, in peculiar certain fish, reptilians, mammals and migratory birds, which rely on the natural ( geomagnetic ) inactive magnetic field as one of a figure of parametric quantities believed to be used for orientation and navigational cuesFarm animate beings ( e.g. swine, sheep or cowss ) croping under power lines ( 50/60 Hz ) or in the locality of broadcast medium aerialsFlying zoologies, such as birds and insects, this may go through through the chief beam of hig h power radio-frequency aerials and radio detection and ranging beams or through high strength ELF Fieldss near power lines.Surveies performed to day of the month hold found small grounds of EMF effects on zoologies at degrees below ICNIRP s guideline degrees. In peculiar, there were no inauspicious effects found on cowss croping below power lines. However, it is known that flight public presentation of insects can be impaired in electric Fieldss above 1kV/m, but important effects have merely been shown for bees when electrically conductive urtications are placed straight under power lines. Un-insulated un-earthed music directors placed in an electric field can go charged and cause hurt or interrupt the activity of animate beings, birds and insects.5.0 LEGAL EleCtrical safety REQUIREMENTSUnderstanding the consequence of electrical jeopardies such as decease and devastation of belongings, assorted attempts have been made by the authorities to guarantee the safety of users/workers an d the proper use of electricity through statute laws and enforcement. Among the statutory commissariats related to the safety usage of electricity areElectricity Supply Act 1990Electrical Supply Regulations 1994SIRIM Standards for Electrical EquipmentOoccupational preventative and Health Act 1994 ( OSHA 1994 )Legislation and enforcement of these Acts and Regulations guarantee the safety of users. High electromotive force is defined by the DOE Electrical Safety Guidelines asOver 600 Vs, but any electromotive force above 50 Vs should be considered life threatening, and treated consequently. Normally high electromotive force circuits and equipment are marked with Hazard Signs.Mentions on High Voltage can be found inI ) Occupational safety and health administrationDefines high electromotive force and lists preparation demands and safe work patterns ( including attack distances ) .two ) NECNFPA 70 National Electrical Code provides extra information on high electromotive force equipmen t.three ) OTHERNFPA 70E Standard for Electrical Safety Requirements for Employee workplaces provides elaborate safe attack distances for working on high electromotive force equipment.four ) From Electrical Supply Act ( Syarikat Pengganti ) states the distance from the land to the transmittal varies harmonizing to the electromotive force value of the transmittal line. There are three status references from the path, other so the route and the location could non be reached by the route bole.Table 1Voltage system between the music directorOn the route( Meter )Other than on the route( Meter )Location could non reached by the route( Meter )Not more than 600 Volts5.495.184.57 more than 600 less than 11,000 V5.795.494.88More than 11,000 V less than 66,000 V6.106.105.18More than 66,000 V less than 132,000 V6.706.705.79More than 132,000 V less than 275,000 V777More than 275,000 V7.37.37.3Harmonizing to Strauss and Bernard ( 1991 ) , some of the federal Torahs in United States do non modul ate electric and magnetic Fieldss due to public deductions and besides multi billion dollar electricity industries in the States. Some of the new Torahs are non based on scientific precept about safe degree of magnetic filed exposure but instead on the premise that the position quo is publically acceptable.With this statement, In Malaysian s the ordinances and act on the High Voltage Power Lines are non truly specific and all conditions could be change by the Minister in charge.DecisionAs refer to all the risky possibilities, yet still there are non proved status the danger of the magnetic moving ridge towards human wellness. There are a few researches shown there is a really high possibility of developing malignant neoplastic disease due high electromotive force transmittals lines but none of the research is definite and conclusive. Besides malignant neoplastic disease, a research has found low frequence magnetic moving ridge could strip homo s sleeping form during dark clip becau se of stamp downing the melatonin endocrine. Other than that, the status or location of the transmittal line in Malaysia has lid concerns when the transmittal lines fluxing through the paddy field, the wood and besides the lodging estate.As for the ordinance concerns, due to none of the researches shown the danger of magnetic moving ridge in malignant neoplastic disease and other risky status, safeguards of these safety conditions are neglected. Equally long as there is no speak up or human death from the populace, the authorities assume it has reach the safety demands. Therefore, we as the citizens or public, have to go a victim foremost before any Act or Regulation would be drafted to avoid such state of affairs. Make bear in head, it is non prevention but simply an turning away from the authorization.As more underdeveloped states are traveling frontward towards industrialization, more power lines are needed and more power workss will be build to for coevals. Therefore is our fem ale parent Earth in the save from these magnetic moving ridges? Will it destruct our Earth and human sort or the mutational conditions has reached its extremum? No organic structure can reply it. As what a politician would state, there is non danger unless there are attach of decease or irreversible conditions. Uncertainty is the most deathly status compared to certainty.